general relativity

Examples of general relativity in the following topics:

• The Relativistic Universe

  • Special relativity indicates that humans live in a four-dimensional space-time where the 'distance' $s$ between points in space-time can be regarded as:
  • In 1916, Einstein found the importance of these space-times in his theory of general relativity.
  • General relativity, or the general theory of relativity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1916.
  • General relativity generalizes special relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or space-time.

• New Product

  • Two general strategies are most common: penetration and skimming.
  • Penetration pricing in the introductory stage of a new product's life cycle involves accepting a lower profit margin and pricing relatively low.
  • Such a strategy should generate greater sales and establish the new product in the market more quickly.
  • Price is set relatively high to generate a high profit margin, and sales are limited to those buyers willing to pay a premium to get the new product.
  • A premium product generally supports a skimming strategy.

• Practice 1: Center of the Data

  • Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week.
  • Fourteen people answered that they generally sell three cars; nineteen generally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cars.
  • Exercise 2.11.2: What does the relative frequency column sum to?
  • Exercise 2.11.3: What is the difference between relative frequency and frequency for each data value?
  • Exercise 2.11.4: What is the difference between cumulative relative frequency and relative frequency for each data value?

• The Rate of Adoption

  • The rate of adoption is defined as the relative speed with which members of a social system adopt an innovation.
  • The rate of adoption is defined as the relative speed with which members of a social system adopt an innovation.
  • Relative Advantage: How improved an innovation is over the previous generation.

• Simultaneity

  • The relativity of simultaneity is the concept that simultaneity is not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame.
  • The question of whether the events are simultaneous is relative: in some reference frames the two accidents may happen at the same time, in other frames (in a different state of motion relative to the events) the crash in London may occur first, and still in other frames, the New York crash may occur first.
  • If the two events are causally connected ("event A causes event B"), then the relativity of simultaneity preserves the causal order (i.e.
  • If we imagine one reference frame assigns precisely the same time to two events that are at different points in space, a reference frame that is moving relative to the first will generally assign different times to the two events.
  • Formulate conclusions of the theory of special relativity, noting the assumptions that were made in deriving it

• The Stringent Response

  • The ribosome-associated protein RelA with the A-site bound deacylated tRNA is the ultimate inducer.
  • In other bacteria, stringent response is mediated by a variety of RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins, with some having only synthetic, hydrolytic, or both (Rel) activities.
  • The disable of stringent response by distruption of relA and spoT in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produces infectious cells and biofilms that have nutrient limitations.
  • Chemical reaction catalyzed by RelA: $ATP + GTP \rightarrow AMP + pppGpp$
  • The generic structure of an alpha amino acid in its un-ionized form.

• Value and Relative Value

  • Value is the worth of goods, and relative value is attractiveness measured in terms of utility of one good relative to another.
  • Even though housing provides the same utility to the individual over time, and supply and demand are relatively constant and stable, the relative price of housing fluctuates.
  • Thus, an important part of economics is the study of policies and activities for the generation and transfer of value within markets in the form of goods and services.
  • Relative value in the marketing context is attractiveness measured in terms of utility of one product relative to another.
  • For example, even though housing provides the same utility to the individual over time, and supply and demand are relatively constant and stable, the relative price of housing fluctuates, even more so than with stocks, oil, and gold.

• Bond Energy

  • For example, the chlorination of methane, discussed previously, was induced by breaking a relatively weak Cl-Cl covalent bond.
  • Bond energies are commonly given in units of kcal/mol or kJ/mol, and are generally called bond dissociation energies when given for specific bonds, or average bond energies when summarized for a given type of bond over many kinds of compounds.
  • A useful site for unit conversions may be reached by clicking the following link (http://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/general/units_en.html).
  • Second, hydrogen forms relatively strong bonds (90 to 110 kcal) to the common elements found in organic compounds (C, N & O).
  • Third, with the exception of carbon and hydrogen, single bonds between atoms of the same element are relatively weak (35 to 64 kcal).

• Relativistic Energy and Mass

  • In special relativity, as the object approaches the speed of light, the object's energy and momentum increase without bound.
  • In special relativity, an object that has a mass cannot travel at the speed of light.
  • In order for these laws to hold in all reference frames, special relativity must be applied.
  • When the relative velocity is zero, is simply equal to 1, and the relativistic mass is reduced to the rest mass.
  • While Newton's second law remains valid in the form the derived form is not valid because in is generally not a constant.

• Relative