Holy Roman Empire

Examples of Holy Roman Empire in the following topics:

• The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

• The Structure of the Holy Roman Empire

  • The term Holy Roman Empire was not used until the 13th century and the office of Holy Roman Emperor was traditionally elective, although frequently controlled by dynasties.
  • The End of the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Empire
  • At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire underwent significant changes.
  • This confederation, under French influence, put an end to the Holy Roman Empire.
  • Describe the structure of the Holy Roman Empire, focusing on its relation to the Habsburg dynasty and the lands under their rule

• Faith in the Face of Suffering

  • The Holy Roman Empire existed for almost 850 years, starting with the reign of Charlemagne in 962.
  • Throughout the Middle Ages several political, religious, and social crises ripped through the Holy Roman Empire.
  • These conflicts included ongoing internal struggles with various local monarchs vying for the role of Emperor, and struggles against rulers in areas attempting to resist the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • The church remained one of the strongest institutions in Europe, and in the Holy Roman Empire.
  • Discuss the Great Famine, the Black Death, and the political and social unrest of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries.

• Religious Divide in the Holy Roman Empire

  • The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire between 1618 and 1648.
  • Initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers.
  • The Holy Roman Empire was a fragmented collection of largely independent states.
  • Religion in the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the Thirty Years' War.
  • Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War.

• Fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire

  • In the aftermath of the Reformation, the Holy Roman Empire became fatally divided along religious lines and increasingly decentralized, which eventually led to its gradual demise.
  • The Holy Roman Empire was not a highly centralized state like most countries today.
  • The Empire's army was half Polish/Lithuanian Commonwealth forces, mostly cavalry, and half Holy Roman Empire forces (German/Austrian), mostly infantry.
  • The Holy Roman Empire after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648.
  • Describe what happened to the Holy Roman Empire in the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation

• The Peace of Westphalia

  • Over a four-year period, the warring parties of the Thirty Years' War (the Holy Roman Empire, France, and Sweden) were actively negotiating at Osnabrück and Münster in Westphalia.
  • The three treaties involved were the Peace of Münster (between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain), the Treaty of Münster (between the Holy Roman Emperor and France and their respective allies), and the Treaty of Osnabrück (between the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and their respective allies).
  • The peace negotiations involved a total of 109 delegations representing European powers, including Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Philip IV of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic, the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire and sovereigns of the free imperial cities.
  • The power taken by Ferdinand III in contravention of the Holy Roman Empire's constitution was stripped and returned to the rulers of the Imperial States.
  • Sweden received Western Pomerania, Wismar, and the Prince-Bishoprics of Bremen and Verden as hereditary fiefs, thus gaining a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire.

• Rise of the Holy Roman Empire

  • The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was initiated by Charlemagne's coronation as "Emperor of the Romans" in 800, and consolidated by Otto I when he was crowned emperor in 962 by Pope John XII.
  • The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
  • After the death of Charles the Fat in 888, however, the Carolingian Empire broke apart, and was never restored.
  • Reigning from Rome, Otto sought to improve relations with the Byzantine Empire, which opposed his claim to emperorship and his realm's further expansion to the south.
  • Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor.

• Architecture of the Holy Roman Empire

  • Architecture from the Holy Roman Empire spans from the Romanesque to the Classic eras.
  • The Holy Roman Empire was a varying complex of lands that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.
  • The empire's territory lay predominantly in Central Europe and at its peak included territories of the Kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, Italy, and Burgundy.
  • For much of its history, the Empire consisted of hundreds of smaller sub-units, principalities, duchies, counties, Free Imperial Cities, and other domains.
  • As in other areas of Europe, Renaissance architecture in the Holy Roman Empire placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry, and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity and, in particular, ancient Roman architecture.

• Administration of the Empire

  • The Holy Roman Empire was not a highly centralized state like most countries today.
  • The Imperial Diet (Reichstag) was the legislative body of the Holy Roman Empire and theoretically superior to the emperor himself.
  • In the Holy Roman Empire, the main dukes and bishops of the kingdom elected the King of the Romans.
  • The Hohenstaufen-ruled Holy Roman Empire and Kingdom of Sicily.
  • This map shows the patchwork of relatively-autonomous principalities that made up the Holy Roman Empire.

• Panel Painting in the Northern Renaissance

  • The court of the Holy Roman Emperor played an important role in panel paintings during the Northern Renaissance.
  • The court of the Holy Roman Emperor, originally based in Prague, played an important role in supporting artists as patrons during the Northern Renaissance.