Examples of hormone replacement therapy in the following topics:
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- During hormone replacement therapy the patient receives hormones either as a supplement or substitution to the natural hormone.
- Hormone replacement therapy refers to any form of hormone therapy wherein the patient, in the course of medical treatment, receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones, or to substitute other hormones for naturally occurring hormones.
- Common forms of hormone replacement therapy include:
- This includes female-to-male and male-to-female hormone replacement therapy.
- Estrogens have been extensively used in hormone replacement therapies in women.
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- As with the male, the hypothalamic hormone GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) causes the release of the hormones FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the anterior pituitary.
- Follicle cells produce the hormone inhibin, which inhibits FSH production.
- Estradiol and progesterone are steroid hormones that prepare the body for pregnancy.
- The endometrium begins to regrow, replacing the blood vessels and glands that deteriorated during the end of the last cycle.
- Supplementation of estrogen in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can prevent bone loss, but the therapy can have negative side effects, such as an increased risk of stroke or heart attack, blood clots, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, gall bladder disease, and, possibly, dementia.
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- Hormones are chemicals within the endocrine system that affect physiological activity.
- Hormones have high levels of specificity, which means they only react with certain receptor sites in the body.
- The best way to describe hormones is to think of a lock and a key: only a certain hormone (lock) can create a certain response within your body's receptive tissue (key).
- There are a huge number of hormones that can be categorized as peptides.
- Oxytocin: the "cuddle" hormone; secreted by the pituitary gland; affects breast-feeding, trust between people;
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- Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, is the overproduction of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 .
- Hypothyroidism is the underproduction of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
- Hypothyroidism is treated with hormone replacement therapy, such as levothyroxine, which is typically required for the rest of the patient's life.
- Thyroid hormone treatment is given under the care of a physician and may take a few weeks to become effective.
- It is termed non-toxic as it does not produce toxic quantities of thyroid hormones, despite its size.
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- Infertile women and those with a condition called endometriosis, and those who use postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy are at increased risk.
- Early age at first pregnancy, older age of final pregnancy and the use of low dose hormonal contraception have also been shown to have a protective effect.
- The ovaries contain eggs and secrete the hormones that control the reproductive cycle.
- Removing the ovaries and the fallopian tubes greatly reduces the amount of the hormones estrogen and progesterone circulating in the body.
- This can halt or slow breast and ovarian cancers that need these hormones to grow.
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- As individuals age, bone resorption can outpace bone replacement, which can lead to osteoporosis and fractures.
- Low levels of calcium stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from chief cells of the parathyroid gland.
- As people get older, the rate of resorption tends to exceed the rate of replacement, leading to conditions like osteoporosis.
- In addition, certain medical conditions such as hormone imbalances can cause bone resorption to increase, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures.
- Fall-prevention advice includes exercise to tone deambulatory muscles, proprioception-improvement exercises, and equilibrium therapies.
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- Cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are closely related; however CBT is an umbrella category of therapies that includes cognitive therapy.
- The category refers to behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and therapies based on a combination of basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research, including dialectical behavior therapy.
- At its most basic level, it is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy.
- Therapists help individuals to challenge maladaptive thinking and help them replace it with more realistic and effective thoughts, or encourage them to take a more open, mindful, and aware posture toward those thoughts.
- Modern forms of CBT include a number of diverse but related techniques such as exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive therapy, relaxation training, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which is discussed in more detail below.
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- The hypothalamus secretes a number of hormones, often according to a circadian rhythm, into blood vessels that supply the anterior pituitary; most of these are stimulatory (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone), apart from dopamine, which suppresses prolactin production.
- In response to the releasing hormone rate, the anterior pituitary produces its hormones (TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, GH) that stimulate effector hormone glands in the body, although prolactin acts directly on the breast gland.
- Surgery, medications and radiation therapy can help shrink the tumor.
- Measurement of ACTH and growth hormone usually requires dynamic testing, whereas the other hormones (LH/FSH, prolactin, TSH) can typically be tested with basal levels.
- Generally, the finding of a combination of a low pituitary hormone together with a low hormone from the effector gland is indicative of hypopituitarism.
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- Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition in which the body produces insufficient growth hormone.
- Growth hormone, also called somatotropin, is a polypeptide hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction.
- Growth hormone deficiency has no single definite cause.
- These tumors also lead to an excess of GH, either because they produce GH themselves or, more frequently, because they produce GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone), the hormone that stimulates the pituitary to make GH.
- Currently, treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, drug therapy, and radiation therapy of the pituitary.
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- It applies the principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and observational learning to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive responses.
- Behavior therapy stands apart from insight-based therapies (such as psychoanalytic and humanistic therapy) because the goal is to teach clients new behaviors to minimize or eliminate problems, rather than digging deeply into their subconscious or uncovering repressed feelings.
- Over time, tokens need to be replaced with less tangible rewards, such as compliments, so that the client will be prepared when they leave the therapeutic setting.
- Exposure therapy was first reported in 1924 by Mary Cover Jones, who is considered the mother of behavior therapy.
- In the second half of the 20th century, many therapists coupled behavior therapy with the cognitive therapy of Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, forming cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).