international development

(noun)

International development or global development is a concept that lacks a universally accepted definition, but it is most used in a holistic and multi-disciplinary context of human development—the development of greater quality of life for humans. It therefore encompasses foreign aid, governance, healthcare, education, poverty reduction, gender equality, disaster preparedness, infrastructure, economics, human rights, environment and issues associated with these.

Related Terms

Examples of international development in the following topics:

  • Defining Globalization

    • Globalization is the process by which the international exchange of goods, services, capital, technology and knowledge becomes increasingly interconnected.
    • The evolution of this natural development provides interesting insights as to the value captured through international trade, underlining it's important role in worldwide economic development.
    • The historic trade barriers have largely been broken down, creating an international complexity in regards to market forces.
    • The Silk Road stretched across Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the Pacific Coast of China, making it one of history's strongest examples of international trade development.
    • Define globalization in the broader context of global business and historical development

  • The World Bank

    • The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for various programs.
    • The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs.
    • According to the World Bank's Articles of Agreement (as amended effective February 16,1989), all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade, and facilitate capital investment.
    • The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has 188 member countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) has 172 members.Each member state of IBRD should be also a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and only members of IBRD are allowed to join other institutions within the Bank (such as IDA).
    • For the poorest developing countries in the world, the bank's assistance plans are based on poverty reduction strategies; by combining a cross-section of local groups with an extensive analysis of the country's financial and economic situation, the World Bank develops a strategy pertaining uniquely to the country in question.

  • Employee Development

    • Employee development helps organizations succeed through helping employees grow.
    • Human resource development consists of training, organization, and career-development efforts to improve individual, group, and organizational effectiveness.
    • The sponsors of employee development are senior managers.
    • Senior management invests in employees in a top-down manner, hoping to develop talent internally to reduce turnover, increase efficiency, and acquire human resource value.
    • The participants are the people who actually go through the employee development, and also benefit significantly from effective development.

  • Political and legal risk in international business

    • A company developing a business plan may have different elements of all three categories depending on the type of product or service.
    • Companies can reduce their exposure to political risk by careful planning and monitoring political developments.
    • The country's standing in the international arena should also be part of the consideration; this includes its relations with neighbors, border disputes, membership in international organizations, and recognition of international law.
    • Governments may also offer political risk insurance to promote exports or economic development.
    • Careful planning and vigilance should be part of any company's preparation for developing an international presence.

  • Equilibration

    • This internal attempt to make sense of external events according to one's internal events by achieving balance between assimilation and accommodation enables Angie to form new internal mental structures through which she will further evaluate her external world in the future.
    • Piaget believed that cognitive development in children is contingent on four factors: biological maturation, experience with the physical environment, experience with the social environment, and equilibration.
    • This state must be present for cognitive development to take place.
    • During each stage of development, people conduct themselves with certain logical internal mental structures that allow them to adequately make sense of the world.
    • This effort to maintain a balance, denoted by equilibration, allows for cognitive development and effective thought processes.

  • Arbitration

    • International arbitration is a leading method for resolving disputes arising from international commercial agreements and other international relationships.
    • As with arbitration generally, international arbitration is a creature of contract.
    • The practice of international arbitration has developed so as to allow parties from different legal and cultural backgrounds to resolve their disputes, generally without the formalities of their respective legal systems.
    • These provisions of the New York Convention, together with the large number of contracting states, has created an international legal regime that significantly favors the enforcement of international arbitration agreements and awards.
    • The resolution of disputes under international commercial contracts is widely conducted under the auspices of several major international institutions and rule making bodies.

  • The Importance of Trade

    • Second, technological advances have made international production and trade easier to coordinate.
    • Technological advances, from the invention of the jet engine to the development of just-in-time manufacturing, have also contributed to the rise in international trade.
    • Even in ancient times, people benefited from widespread international trade.
    • The benefits from international trade have increased as costs decline and the international system becomes better integrated.
    • Discuss the reasons of the U.S. increase in international trade participation after World War II

  • Combining Internal and External Analyses

    • Using combined external and internal analyses, companies are able to generate strategies in pursuit of competitive advantage.
    • This internal analysis requires careful consideration of the following models and factors:
    • Context analysis considers the entire environment of a business, both internal and external.
    • This strategic development requires companies to understand the opportunities and threats in the external environment and benchmark these against the strengths and weaknesses of their internal environment.
    • Change is costly, so firms must develop processes to find low pay-off changes.

  • The International Monetary Structure

    • The international monetary structure involves international institutions, regional trading blocs, private players, and national governments.
    • The World Bank aims to provide funding, takes up credit risk, or offers favorable terms to developing countries for development projects that couldn't be obtained by the private sector.
    • Certain regional institutions also play a role in the structure of the international monetary system.
    • Setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the international monetary system, the planners at Bretton Woods established the IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which today is part of the World Bank Group.
    • Explain the role played by the United States over the history of the international monetary structure

  • Reasons for entering international markets

    • Many marketers have found the international marketplace to be extremely hostile.
    • A study by Baker and Kynak, for example, found that less than 20 per cent of firms in Texas with export potential actually carried out business in international markets.
    • Kaynak, "An Empirical Investigation of the Differences Between Initiating and Continuing Exporters," European Journal of Marketers, Vol. 26, No.3, 1992. ) But although many firms view in markets with trepidation, others still make the decision to go international.
    • Other empirical studies over a number of years have pointed to a wide variety of reasons why companies initiate international involvement.
    • These include the saturation of the domestic market, which leads firms either to seek other less competitive markets or to take on the competitor in its home markets; the emergence of new markets, particularly in the developing world; government incentives to export; tax incentives offered by foreign governments to establish manufacturing plants in their countries in order to create jobs; the availability of cheaper or more skilled labor; and an attempt to minimize the risks of a recession in the home country and spread risk.