miniature

Examples of miniature in the following topics:

• Ottoman Empire

  • The Ottoman Turks were renowned for their architecture, building a large number of public buildings, mosques, and caravanserais or roadside inns for travelers, as well as for their traditions of calligraphy and miniature painting.
  • Ottoman miniature painting, which was usually used to illustrate manuscripts or in albums specifically dedicated to miniatures, was heavily influenced by Persian miniature painting, Byzantine illumination and Chinese artistic influences.
  • The head painter designed the composition while his apprentices drew the contours and then painted the miniature.
  • The miniature shows the author, probably the court chronicler Talikizade, caligraphist and miniature painter working on the "Shahname" for Mehmet III (ruled 1595-1603).

• The East

  • Art of the eastern Islamic world included miniature painting, while architecture was a fusion of Arab, Central Asian, and Persian elements.
  • Mughal painting is generally confined to miniatures, either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Mongol Persian miniature painting, with Indian Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist influences .
  • There was already a Muslim tradition of miniature painting under the Sultanate of Delhi, which the Mughals overthrew.
  • Mughal painting immediately took a much greater interest in realistic portraiture than was typical of Ilkhnate Persian miniatures.
  • Discuss the Mughal miniatures, Indo-Islamic architecture, and Indonesian batik cloth of the Eastern Islamic regions.

• Rajput Painting of the Mughal Period

  • Rajput miniature painting developed in the courts of the Hindu Rajputs between the 16th and 19th centuries.
  • Rajput painting is the style of Indian miniature painting associated with the royal courts of the Rajputs between the 16th and the 19th centuries.
  • The brushes used were very fine, in keeping with the requirements of fine miniature painting.
  • It is best known for its fine miniature portraits from the second half of the 17th century and a large body of highly stylized and colorful painting from the 19th century.
  • The Pahari style of miniature painting and book illustration developed in the independent states of the Himalayan foothills between the 17th and 18th centuries and began to decline after 1800.

• English Painting in the Northern Renaissance

  • Typically managing a group of assistants and apprentices in a workshop or studio, many of these artists produced works across several disciplines, including portrait miniatures, large-scale panel portraits on wood, and illuminated manuscripts.
  • The Netherlandish painters remained predominant, though French influence was also important for both Lucas Horenbout, trained in illuminated manuscripts, and Nicholas Hilliard, the founder and greatest exponent of the distinctively English tradition of the portrait miniature.
  • Horenbout's portrait miniature of Katharine of Aragon, the first wife of Henry VIII, with its relatively flat subject matter and gold outlines, bears a closer resemblance to illuminated manuscripts than to the realistically modeled classical style appearing elsewhere in Europe at the time.
  • Portraiture ranged from the informal miniature—almost invariably painted from life in the course of a few days and intended for private contemplation—to the later large-scale portraits of Elizabeth I, such as the Rainbow Portrait, filled with symbolic iconography in dress, jewels, background, and inscription.
  • Elizabeth I took a personal interest in painting, keeping her own collection of miniatures locked away, wrapped in paper on which she wrote the names of the sitter.

• Buddhist Wall Paintings

  • Miniature painting is believed to have started in the eastern part of medieval India, exemplified by illustrations on palm-leaf religious manuscripts painted on the leaves and wooden covers of manuscripts.
  • Miniature painting is thought to have developed slightly later in western India, somewhere between the 10th and 12th centuries, and it generally exists with Hindu and Jain texts.
  • While it is believed that miniature painting came into existence during the medieval period, it was to flourish extensively from the 16th to 19th centuries during the Mughal empire.
  • Describe the cave murals, rock-cut monasteries and miniature paintings created during India's early Medieval period.

• Ottonian Illustrated Books in the Early European Middle Ages

  • One of the most important art forms of the period was the illuminated manuscript, a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by ornamentation in the form of colored initials, decorative borders, and miniature illustrations, sometimes executed with the addition of gold and silver leaf.
  • Colored initials, borders, and marginalia also contain miniature portraits and other decorative emblems and motifs.
  • He derived his title from the miniatures in the Registrum Gregorii (a collection of letters by Pope Gregory the Great) and the Codex Egberti, a famous gospel lectionary manuscript, both for Archbishop Egbert of Trier (circa 950-993, ).

• Painting of the Mughal Period

  • Mughal miniature painting was a blend of Persian and Indian styles that developed in Mughal courts between the 16th and 19th centuries.
  • Mughal painting is a style of South Asian miniature painting that developed in the courts of the Mughal Emperors between the 16th and 19th centuries.
  • It emerged from the Persian miniature painting tradition with additional Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain influences.
  • After Mughal victory over the Delhi Sultanate in 1526, the tradition of miniature painting in India further abandoned the high abstraction of the Persian style and began to adopt a more realistic style of portraiture and of drawing plants and animals.
  • He encouraged his atelier to emulate the single point perspective favored by European painters, unlike the flattened, multi-layered style traditionally used in miniature painting.

• Luxury Arts

  • Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art, above all in the more private form of miniatures, where their absence is rare.
  • The Mughal miniature movement began by importing Persian artists, especially a group brought back by Humayun when exiled in Safavid, Persia.
  • Realistic portraiture and images of animals and plants were developed in Mughal art beyond what the Persians had so far achieved, and the size of miniatures increased, sometimes onto canvas.
  • Identify the luxury arts of the Mughal Empire, such as miniatures, jewelry, carvings, and metalwork.

• Islamic Book Painting

  • The tradition of the Persian miniature developed during this period, and strongly influenced the Ottoman miniature of Turkey and the Mughal miniature in India.
  • Album miniatures typically featured picnic scenes, portraits of individuals, or (in India especially) animals, or idealized youthful beauties of either sex.

• Romanesque Illustrated Books

  • It is widely considered to be one of the most important examples of English Romanesque book production; it is of almost unprecedented lavishness of decoration, with over 40 full-page miniatures, and contains a number of iconographic innovations that would endure throughout the Middle Ages.
  • Then follow 13 pages of prefactory full-page miniatures, with two scenes to a page, which include three pages of Old Testament scenes; six pages of scenes from the Life of Christ (though further pages are perhaps missing); and, unusually for this date, three pages from the Life of the Virgin, including a Death of the Virgin with a funeral procession and an Assumption.
  • These are the earliest English miniatures to have gold-leaf backgrounds incised with patterns of lines and dots.
  • After these pages, there is an opening with full-page miniatures of David playing his harp and a "Beatus" initial for the start of Psalm 1 ("Beatus vir").