One Drop Rule

Examples of One Drop Rule in the following topics:

• Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment

  • A likely looking drop was selected and kept in the middle of the field of view by alternately switching off the voltage until all the other drops fell.
  • The experiment was continued with this single drop.
  • At this constant rate, the force of gravity on the drop and the force of the electric field on the drop are equal:
  • One can see how Millikan calculated the charge of an electron.
  • Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher used the oil drop experiment.

• The Loop Rule

  • Kirchhoff's loop rule states that the sum of the emf values in any closed loop is equal to the sum of the potential drops in that loop.
  • Kirchhoff's loop rule (otherwise known as Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL), Kirchhoff's mesh rule, Kirchhoff's second law, or Kirchhoff's second rule) is a rule pertaining to circuits, and is based on the principle of conservation of energy.
  • In other words, the sum of the electromotive force (emf) values in any closed loop is equal to the sum of the potential drops in that loop (which may come from resistors).
  • Kirchhoff's second rule requires emf−Ir−IR1−IR2=0.
  • Rearranged, this is emf=Ir+IR1+IR2, meaning that the emf equals the sum of the IR (voltage) drops in the loop.

• High School Dropouts

  • Education also offers a means to improve one's life chances by improving employment opportunities and making social connections.
  • Thus, the consequences to dropping out can be high, as they significantly decrease the opportunity to improve one's life chances.
  • Not all students have an equal risk of dropping out.
  • Why else might students drop out?
  • Recall some of the reasons why students in the U.S. may drop out of high school and the potential consequences of dropping out

• Labor Union Impacts on Equilibrium

  • The most common purpose of associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of employment, which may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, promotions, benefits, workplace safety, and policies.
  • If employers (those who demand labor) have an inelastic demand for labor, the increase in wages (the price of labor) will not translate into a drop in employment (quantity of labor supplied).
  • One tool that unions may use to raise wages is to go on strike.

• Bureaucracies, Part I: Know How They Tick

  • It's intended to make implementing an institution's rules, regulations, directives, and policies efficient.
  • Dysfunctions: This anonymous account typifies how rules and regulations can malfunction in an organization:
  • One morning I found myself behind a young secretary.
  • She didn't get the guard's point that he didn't make the rules… She played on his sympathies, cunningly dropping such irrationalities as '…only a month old' and 'just a baby,' etc.
  • Rules may become a shield behind which bureaucrats seek sanctuary and perpetuate inactivity.

• Current Challenges for Education

  • One of the major controversies of the United States education policy is the No Child Left Behind Act which will be covered in its own section.
  • Drop-out rates are a concern in American four year colleges.
  • This disparity manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to receive lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and are less likely to enter and complete college.
  • In 2003 a Supreme Court decision concerning affirmative action in universities allowed educational institutions to consider race as a factor in admitting students, but ruled that strict point systems are unconstitutional.

• Naming Molecular Compounds

  • If there is only one of the first element, you can drop the prefix.
  • The extra o is dropped.
  • Organic molecules (molecules made of C and H along with other elements) do not follow this rule.

• The Affordable Care Act

  • One of President Obama's most notable accomplishments during his two terms in office was his comprehensive healthcare reform, which had been a platform during his campaign.
  • It would also make it illegal for insurers to drop sick people or deny them coverage for pre-existing conditions, and require every American to carry health coverage.
  • On June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court ruled by a 5–4 vote in National Federation of Independent Business v.
  • Hobby Lobby, the Court ruled that "closely-held" for-profit corporations could be exempt on religious grounds under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act from regulations adopted under the Affordable Care Act that would have required them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives.
  • In June of 2015, the Court ruled 6-3 in King v.

• The Act of Creating a Rule: Principled Decisions

  • Variation two, $R \rightarrow X+Y$ , refers to a "wholesale" decision, the act of making a rule.
  • Instead, the specific action is deduced from, or at least limited by, the rule.
  • Under circumstances C rule R implies or requires us to take action A.
  • His decision is not deduced from the rule, but is chosen on one ground or another from among the set of actions compatible with the rule.
  • One further characteristic of arriving a specified actions via rules rather than from direct evaluation of their expected consequences is that the roles of rule-maker and rule-applier can be separated.

• Motion with Constant Acceleration

  • For example, if you held a rock out and dropped it, the rock would fall only vertically downward toward the earth .
  • If you were to throw the rock instead of just dropping it, it would follow a more projectile-like pattern, similar to the one a kicked ball follows.
  • When you drop an object, it falls vertically toward the center of the earth due to the constant acceleration of gravity.