orientation

Examples of orientation in the following topics:

• Marketing Orientation

  • Despite organizations' move from product-oriented to sales-oriented strategies, customers were still excluded from the product development process.
  • Competitive analysis is also a significant component of market orientation.
  • Since its introduction, marketing orientation has been reformulated and repackaged under numerous names including customer orientation, marketing philosophy, and customer intimacy.
  • As stated, the most important focus in a market-orientated business is the customer.
  • Similar to a production-oriented company, one of the primary goals of marketing-oriented or customer-oriented businesses is long-term profitability.

• The History of the Marketing Concept

  • An orientation, in the marketing context, related to a perception or attitude, a firm holds towards its product or service, essentially concerns consumers and end-users.
  • The marketing orientation evolved from earlier orientations; namely, the production orientation, the product orientation and the selling orientation.
  • A production orientation may be deployed when a high demand for a product or service exists, coupled with a good certainty that consumer tastes will not rapidly alter (similar to the sales orientation).
  • Product: quality of the product until the 1960s; a firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of its own product.
  • Marketing: needs and wants of customers 1970 to present day; the marketing orientation is perhaps the most common orientation used in contemporary marketing.

• Product Orientation

  • A firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of its product.
  • Similar to production orientation, the product orientation of marketing focuses solely on the product a company intends to sell.
  • This orientation was popular during the 1950s and into the 1960s.
  • The premises implicit in this orientation include:
  • Describe the basis for a company using product orientation as its marketing premise

• Selling Orientation

  • As opposed to production or product orientation, a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling and promotion of a particular product.
  • As opposed to production orientation or product orientation, a firm using a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling and promotion of a particular product.
  • Approaching marketing with a selling orientation was popular for companies in the 1950s and 1960s.
  • A marketing orientation centered around sales represented a major milestone in modern business.
  • Outline the methodology and importance of selling orientation as it relates to product inventory

• Sexual Orientation

  • Sexual identity and sexual behavior are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguishable.
  • People may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.
  • The primary tension in conversations about sexual orientation addresses whether sexual orientation is static or fluid, whether one is born with an immutable sexual orientation, or whether one develops sexual orientation.
  • The idea that sexual orientation is not a choice, but that rather one is born with an assigned orientation, is pervasive in popular conceptions of sexual orientation.
  • Venn diagram depicting the relationships between assigned sex and sexual orientation.

• Body-Oriented Psychotherapies

  • Body-oriented psychotherapies focus on the importance of working with the body in the treatment of mental health issues.
  • A wide variety of techniques are used in body-oriented therapies, including sound, touch, mirroring, movement, and breath.
  • Body-oriented therapies are based on the principles of somatic psychology, which was founded by Wilhelm Reich in the 1930s.
  • Many of the claims regarding the efficacy of body-oriented therapies are considered controversial due to lack of research.
  • Many critics point to the fact that there is no clear explanation or evidence for how or why various body-oriented therapies work.

• Sexual Orientation

  • One of these factors that influences motivation - grounded in biology, psychology, and society - is sexual orientation.
  • A person's sexual orientation is their emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female).
  • People can be celibate and still recognize their sexual orientation.
  • There is no scientific consensus regarding the exact reasons why an individual holds a particular sexual orientation.
  • While research has examined the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor (APA, 2008).

• Production Orientation

  • Production orientation follows the premise that any product of high quality can be readily sold.
  • The evolution from production-oriented organizations to marketing-oriented organizations was driven by a shift toward a marketplace that catered to meeting customer wants and needs rather than strictly delivering product features and functionality.
  • This business model -- also known as production orientation -- soon became outdated as the marketplace turned into an increasingly crowded and global one.
  • Industrial firms focused on production orientation models that exploited economies of scale to reach maximum efficiency at the lowest cost.
  • Demonstrate the characteristics of production orientation from an economic and marketing perspective

• Market-Oriented Theories

  • Market-oriented theories of inequality argue that supply and demand will regulate prices and wages and stabilize inequality.
  • Market-oriented theories of inequality are focused on the laws of the free market.
  • Considering inequality, market-oriented theories claim that if left to the free-market, all products and services will reach equilibrium, and price stability will reduce inequality.
  • According to market-oriented theories, over time the low wages earned by agricultural laborers will induce more people to learn other skills, thus reducing the pool of agricultural laborers.
  • Generally, market-oriented theories hold that when supply of labor and goods meets demand, the economic order will reach equilibrium, and inequality will either be non-existent or will be stable.

• Sexual Orientation

  • A person's sexual orientation is their emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex or gender.
  • A person's sexual orientation is their emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex or gender.
  • Sexual orientation can be defined in many ways.
  • Research has examined possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor (APA, 2008).
  • Open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobia and heterosexism.