parenting

Examples of parenting in the following topics:

• Influence of Parenting Style on Child Development

  • There are four main parenting styles that most parents fall into: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved/neglectful.
  • Parenting style refers to the way in which parents choose to raise their children.
  • In her research, Diana Baumrind (1966) found what she considered to be the two basic elements that help shape successful parenting: parental responsiveness and parental demandingness.
  • Through her studies, Baumrind identified three initial parenting styles: authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, and permissive parenting.
  • Neglectful parents may look to their children for support and guidance, and these children often end up "parenting their parents."

• Parenthood

  • Parenting is usually carried out by the biological parents of the child in question, although governments and society take a role as well.
  • An uninvolved parenting style is when parents are often emotionally absent and sometimes even physically absent.
  • Helicopter Parenting: over-parenting; parents are constantly involving themselves, interrupting the child's ability to function on their own
  • Strict Parenting: focused on strict discipline; demanding, with high expectations from the parents
  • Parenting is a lifelong process.

• Authority Patterns

  • Parenting is usually done by the biological parents of the child in question, although governments and society take a role as well.
  • In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.
  • Authoritarian parenting styles can be very rigid and strict.
  • Parents who practice authoritarian style parenting have a strict set of rules and expectations and require rigid obedience.
  • An uninvolved parenting style is when parents are often emotionally absent and sometimes even physically absent.

• Child Custody Laws

  • Child custody and guardianship are legal terms, which are used to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent and his or her child, such as the right of the parent to make decisions for the child, and the parent's duty to care for the child.
  • While the child is with the parent, that parent retains sole authority over the child.
  • If a child lives with both parents, each parent shares "joint physical custody" and each parent is said to be a "custodial parent. " Thus, in joint physical custody, neither parent is said to be a "non-custodial parent. "
  • A custodial parent is a parent who is given physical and/or legal custody of a child by court order.
  • A non-custodial parent is a parent who does not have physical and/or legal custody of his/her child by court order.

• Introduction to conditional probability (special topic)

  • Are students more likely to use marijuana when their parents used drugs?
  • The parents variable takes the value used if at least one of the parents used drugs, including alcohol.
  • P(student = uses given parents = used) = 125/210 = 0.60
  • What is the probability that at least one of her parents used?
  • P(parents = used given student = not) = 85/226 = 0.376

• Child Rearing

  • Parenting refers to aspects of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.
  • Parenting is usually done by the biological parents of the child in question, with governments and society playing ancillary roles.
  • Orphaned or abandoned children are often reared by non-parent blood relations.
  • These parenting styles were later expanded to four, including an Uninvolved style.
  • Authoritarian parenting is very rigid and strict.

• Defining conditional probability

  • P(student = uses given parents = used) = 125/210 = 0.60 (2.37)
  • = P(student = uses | parents = used) = 125/210 = 0.60 (2.37)
  • = # (student = uses and parents = used)/# (parents = used)
  • P(student = uses and parents = used) and P(parents = used).
  • (b) Using the answers from part (a) and Exercise 2.41(b), compute P(parents = used|student = not) + P(parents = not|student = not)

• Family Structures

  • The two-parent nuclear family has become less prevalent, and alternative family forms such as, homosexual relationships, single-parent households, and adopting individuals are more common.
  • However, 64 percent of children still reside in a two-parent, household as of 2012.
  • A single parent is a parent who cares for one or more children without the assistance of the other biological parent.
  • Single-parent homes are increasing as married couples divorce, or as unmarried couples have children.
  • About 4 percent of children live with a relative other than a parent.

• Childcare

  • The responsibilities of parenting require a great deal of time and energy, and supporting new parents as they find time for everything can significantly improve employee satisfaction, retaining key talent through good benefits and employee support.
  • New parents need more than childcare to fully balance work and life demands.
  • Parents need time to organize their new lives, and create a strong ecosystem for their family to thrive.
  • This image shows children at a daycare, where employee children can socialize and learn while the parents are at work.
  • Understand the value of various parental benefits from the organizational perspective

• Reporting for a Combined Entity

  • When the amount of stock owned is >50% of common stock, a parent-subsidiary relationship is formed that requires consolidated reporting.
  • The financial statements of the parent and subsidiary are consolidated for reporting purposes.
  • The controlling entity is called its parent company, parent, or holding company.
  • In this type of relationship the controlling company is the parent and the controlled company is the subsidiary.
  • Consolidated financial statements show the parent and the subsidiary as one single entity.