Perceptual Schema

Examples of Perceptual Schema in the following topics:

• Organization

  • This law states that people will perceive similar elements will be perceptually grouped together.
  • Many optical illusions play on this perceptual tendency.
  • We develop perceptual schemas in order to organize impressions of people based on their appearance, social roles, interaction, or other traits; these schemas then influence how we perceive other things in the world.
  • These schemas are heuristics, or shortcuts that save time and effort on computation.
  • For example, you might have a perceptual schema that the building where you go to class is symmetrical on the outside (sometimes called the "symmetry heuristic," or the tendency to remember things as being more symmetrical than they are).

• Perceptual Mapping

  • Perceptual mapping is a graphic display explaining the perceptions of customers with relation to product characteristics.
  • Perceptual maps commonly have two dimensions even though they are capable of having several.
  • Many perceptual maps also display consumers' ideal points.
  • Perceptual maps need not come from a detailed study.
  • Evaluate the concept of perceptual mapping as part of competitive perceptual positioning

• Social Cognition

  • In schema theory, when we see or think of a concept, a mental representation or "schema" is activated that brings to mind other related information, usually unconsciously.
  • Similarly, a notable theory of social cognition is social-schema theory.
  • Two cognitive processes that increase the accessibility of schemas are salience and priming.
  • Although people of all cultures use schemas to understand the world, the content of our schemas has been found to differ for individuals based on their cultural upbringing.
  • Because cattle are essential to the lifestyle of the Bantu people, the Bantu herdsman's schemas for cattle were far more extensive than the schemas of the Scottish settler.

• Schemata

  • Piaget defined a schema as the mental representation of an associated set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions.
  • A schema can be discrete and specific, or sequential and elaborate.
  • For example, a schema may be as specific as recognizing a dog, or as elaborate as categorizing different types of dogs.

• The Perceptual Process

  • The perceptual process is the sequence of psychological steps that a person uses to organize and interpret information from the outside world.
  • Intensity - Greater intensity, in brightness, for example, also increases perceptual selection.
  • The following factors are those that determine perceptual organization:
  • Perceptual grouping - Grouping is when perceptions are brought together into a pattern.
  • Outline the internal and external factors that influence the perceptual selection process

• Introduction

  • However, this chapter will discuss four of Piaget's key concepts that are applicable to learning at any age: assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, and schemas.

• Pitch-Class Sets

  • We can apply the term schema in three specific ways.
  • First, a schema is a prototype—an idealized version of a common pattern.
  • Second, a schema can be an exemplar—a single pattern that resembles the prototype.
  • Third, a schema can be a theory—an explanation of a commonly occurring musical event.
  • Unlike the Fonte and the Monte, the Ponte need not be a model/sequence schema.

• Perceptual Constancy

  • Thanks to perceptual constancy, we have stable perceptions of an object's qualities even under changing circumstances.
  • There are many common visual and perceptual constancies that we experience during the perception process.
  • The perception of the image is still based upon the actual size of the perceptual characteristics.
  • Our eyes aren't the only sensory organs that "trick" us into perceptual constancy.
  • This is thanks to auditory perceptual constancy!

• Two Major Principles

  • The simplest level is the schema, a mental representation of some physical or mental action that can be performed on an object, event, or phenomenon.
  • The intent is to give you an alternative way of learning about assimilation, accommodation, equilibration and schemas.

• Assimilation

  • In this way, Angie finds a way to fit this external reality with her internal cognitive structures, or schemas.
  • Assimilation occurs when a child perceives new objects or events in terms of existing schemas or operations.