Examples of Psychological theory of deviance in the following topics:
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- Psychological theories of deviance use a deviant's psychology to explain his motivation or compulsion to violate social norms.
- Psychological theories of deviance use a deviant's psychology to explain his motivation and compulsion to violate social norms.
- One case study of a psychological theory of deviance is the case of conduct disorder.
- Psychological theories of deviance do not necessarily have a biological element.
- This goes to demonstrate the fluctuating nature of psychological theories of deviance.
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- Merton, in his discussion of deviance, proposed a typology of deviant behavior.
- According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based upon these criteria:
- A clear example of how deviance reflects power imbalances is in the reporting and tracking of crimes.
- Deviant labels refer to identities that are known for falling outside of cultural norms, like loner or punk.There are two additional ideas related to the labeling theory approach to understanding deviance.
- Another important element of labeling theory involves the idea of stigma.
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- The humanistic perspective of personality theory is a holistic psychological perspective that attributes human characteristics and actions to free will and an innate drive for self-actualization .
- Humanistic psychology stresses the importance of free will and thus, personal responsibility for decision-making.
- It explains human potential in a way that other theories cannot.
- Although humanistic personality psychology explains a lot of human behavior, critics have taken issue with many of the early tenets of the study.
- The major theory of humanistic personality psychology, namely that people are innately good and intuitively seek positive goals, does not explain the presence of deviance or evil in the world within normal, functioning personalities.
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- Karen Halnon of Pennsylvania State University studies informal deviance and focuses on what she calls "deviance vacations," whereby people of a certain socioeconomic status voluntarily enter another, usually lower, social strata.
- Deviance is often divided into two types of activities.
- The first, crime, is the violation of formally enacted laws and is referred to as formal deviance.
- Examples of formal deviance include robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault.
- Karen Halnon of Pennsylvania State University studies informal deviance and focuses on what she calls "deviance vacations," whereby people of a given socioeconomic status voluntarily enter a different, often lower, social strata.
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- Deviance is often divided into two types of deviant activities.
- The first, crime is the violation of formally enacted laws and is referred to as formal deviance.
- Karen Halnon of Pennsylvania State University studies how some people exercise informal deviance.
- Sociological interest in deviance includes both interests in measuring formal deviance (statistics of criminal behavior; see below), examining how people (individually and collectively) define some things deviant and others normative, and a number of theories that try to explain both the role of deviance in society and its origins.
- This chapter will cover the theories of deviance used by sociologists and will also cover current crime statistics.
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- Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance.
- Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance .
- Four main sociological theories of deviance exist.
- The third main sociological theory of deviance is conflict theory.
- The fourth main sociological theory of deviance is labeling theory.
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- Thus, deviance can be the result of accepting one norm, but breaking another in order to pursue the first.
- According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based upon these criteria:
- Thus, deviance can be the result of accepting one norm, but breaking another in order to pursue the first.
- In this sense, according social strain theory, social values actually produce deviance in two ways.
- Apply Merton's typology of deviance to the real world and give examples for each type
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- A biological theory of deviance proposes that an individual deviates from social norms largely because of their biological makeup.
- Historically, biological theories of crime assumed criminal tendencies could be discovered by looking at physical traits that relate to stereotypical suspects, like having a lot of tattoos or having a muscular physique.
- A biological theory of deviance proposes that an individual deviates from social norms largely because of their biological makeup.
- The theory primarily pertains to formal deviance, using biological reasons to explain criminality, though it can certainly extend to informal deviance.
- A biological interpretation of formal deviance was first advanced by the Italian School of Criminology, a school of thought originating from Italy during the mid-nineteenth century.
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- Humanistic psychology adopts a holistic view of human existence through explorations of meaning, human potential, and self-actualization.
- Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) is considered the founder of humanistic psychology, and is noted for his conceptualization of a hierarchy of human needs.
- Unlike many of his predecessors, Maslow studied mentally healthy individuals instead of people with serious psychological issues.
- To explain his theories, Maslow created a visual, which he termed the "hierarchy of needs."
- In addition, The major tenet of humanistic personality psychology—namely, that people are innately good and intuitively seek positive goals—does not account for the presence of deviance in the world within normal, functioning personalities.