Quorum of the Twelve

Examples of Quorum of the Twelve in the following topics:

• The Mormons

  • The movement began with the visions of Joseph Smith, Jr., in the "Burned-Over District" of upstate New York, which was so called for the intense flames of religious revival that swept across the region.
  • With a small following, he organized the Church of Christ later that year, the progenitor of the Church of Latter-day Saints popularly known as "Mormons."
  • After Smith's death, a succession crisis ensued, and a majority voted to accept the Quorum of the Twelve, led by Brigham Young, as the church's leading body.
  • In the spring of 1847, Young led the vanguard company to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then outside the boundaries of the United States and which later became Utah.
  • Mormons believe in the Bible, as well as other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon.

• Quorum Sensing

  • Many species of bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate gene expression according to the density of their local population.
  • Quorum sensing may be achieved by degrading the signalling molecule.
  • Some of the best-known examples of quorum sensing come from studies of bacteria.
  • Bacteria use quorum sensing to coordinate certain behaviors based on the local density of the bacterial population .
  • By using quorum sensing to limit the production of luciferase to situations when cell populations are large, V. fischeri cells are able to avoid wasting energy on the production of useless product.

• Signaling in Bacteria

  • Because the number of cells present in the environment (the cell density) is the determining factor for signaling, bacterial signaling was named quorum sensing.
  • Interestingly, in politics and business, a quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present to vote on an issue.
  • Some species of bacteria that use quorum sensing form biofilms, which are complex colonies of bacteria (often containing several species) that exchange chemical signals to coordinate the release of toxins that attack the host.
  • S. aureus is the main cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Quorum sensing determines whether the bacteria should produce the luciferase enzyme.

• Committee Deliberation

  • A bill which reaches the floor of the full house can be simple or complex and begins with an enacting formula such as "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. " Consideration of a bill requires, itself, a rule which is a simple resolution specifying the particulars of debate—time limits, possibility of further amendments, and such.
  • Generally, discussion requires a quorum, usually half of the total number of representatives, before discussion can begin, although there are exceptions.
  • The Constitution specifies that a majority of members known as a quorum be present before doing business in each house.
  • However, the rules of each house assume that a quorum is present unless a quorum call demonstrates the contrary.
  • Since representatives and senators who are present rarely demand quorum calls, debate often continues despite the lack of a majority.

• Elemental Boron

  • On Earth, boron is concentrated by the water-solubility of its more common naturally-occurring compounds, the borate minerals.
  • Some signaling compounds of boron which are used for bacterial cell to cell communication (known as "quorum sensing") have been discovered recently.
  • A known example of a boron-containing quorum sensing signaling molecule is Autoinducer-2 (AI-2).
  • Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is one of the few known biomolecules containing the element Boron.
  • AI-2 is used by many types of bacteria as a signaling molecule mediating quorum sensing.

• References

  • Wesport: Quorum.
  • Respecting the human needs of students in Development of e-learning.
  • Review of experiential learning theory research in the nursing profession.
  • The concept of experiential learning and John Dewey's theory of reflective thought and action.
  • Toward a theory and practice for whole-person learning: Reconceptualizing experience and the role of affect.

• Congress of the Confederation

  • The Congress of the Confederation was the governing body of the United States from 1781 to 1789.
  • The Congress of the Confederation was the governing body of the United States of America, in force from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789.
  • The Congress of the Confederation opened in the final stages of the American Revolution.
  • The membership of the Second Continental Congress automatically carried over to the Congress of the Confederation when the latter was created through the ratification of the Articles of Confederation.
  • The Congress had little power and, without the external threat of a war against the British, enough delegates to meet to form a quorum became more difficult.

• The 12th Amendment

  • The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted.
  • But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.
  • And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.
  • The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.
  • But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

• Prague

  • The city is divided into three areas: the Old Town, the Lesser Town, and the New Town, each of which developed during different parts of the Middle Ages.
  • Molding on the entry way incorporates twelve vines and twelve bunches of grapes, representing the twelve tribes of Israel.
  • Narrow windows in the six bays also number twelve for the tribes.
  • The original master builder was Matthias of Attas, who came from France and imported much of the characteristics of the French gothic style.
  • Paler also oversaw the construction of the St.

• Dividing the Octave into Scales

  • In the Western (Section 2.8) musical tradition - which includes most familiar music from Europe and the Americas - the octave is divided up into twelve equally spaced notes.
  • If you play all twelve of these notes within one octave you are playing a chromatic scale (pg 123).
  • You may be thinking "OK, that's twelve notes; that still has nothing to do with the number eight", but out of those twelve notes, only seven are used in any particular major (Section 4.3) or minor (Section 4.4) scale.
  • The eighth note would, of course, be the next A, beginning the next octave.
  • The pattern repeats at the eighth tone of a scale, the octave.