Sassanids

Examples of Sassanids in the following topics:

• Expansion and Decline of the Kushan Empire

  • They had diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, Sassanid Persia, Aksumite Empire, and Han China.
  • The western Kushans in Afghanistan were soon conquered by the Persian Sassanid Empire.
  • In 248 CE, they were defeated again by Persians, who deposed the western dynasty and replaced them with Persian vassals— cities or kingdoms that forfeited foreign policy independence, in exchange for full autonomy and, in some cases, formal tribute—known as the Indo-Sassanids, or Kushanshas.

• Islamic Architecture

  • Specifically recognizable Islamic architectural style emerged soon after Muhammad's time, and incorporated Roman building traditions with the addition of localized adaptations of the former Sassanid and Byzantine models.

• Crises of the Roman Empire

  • Many Roman legions had been defeated during a campaign against Germanic peoples raiding across the borders, while the emperor was focused primarily on the dangers from the Sassanid Persian Empire.
  • Provincials became victims of frequent raids along the length of the Rhine and Danube rivers by such foreign tribes as the Carpians, Goths, Vandals, and Alamanni, and attacks from Sassanids in the east.

• Zoroastrianism

  • The Sassanids aggressively promoted the Zurvanite form of Zoroastrianism, often building fire temples in captured territories to promote the religion.
  • During the period of their centuries long suzerainty over the Caucasus, the Sassanids made attempts to promote Zoroastrianism there with considerable successes.

• Babylon

  • Under the Parthian, and later, Sassanid Persians, Babylon remained a province of the Persian Empire for nine centuries.

• The Nomadic Tribes of Arabia

  • Arab tribes, most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids, began to appear in the south Syrian deserts and southern Jordan from the mid 3rd century CE, during the mid to later stages of the Roman Empire and Sassanid Empire.

• Muhammad's Successors

  • In areas that were previously under Sassanid Persian or Byzantine rule, the caliphs lowered taxes, provided greater local autonomy (to their delegated governors), granted greater religious freedom for Jews and some indigenous Christians, and brought peace to peoples demoralized and disaffected by the casualties and heavy taxation that resulted from the decades of Byzantine-Persian warfare.

• The Assyrians

  • After its fall (between 612-605 BCE), Assyria remained a province and geo-political entity under the Babylonian, Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Roman, and Sassanid Empires, until the Arab Islamic invasion and conquest of Mesopotamia in the mid-7th century CE when it was finally dissolved.

• Imperial Sculpture under the Tetrarchy

  • During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sassanid (Neo-Persian) Empire, sacking their capital in 299.

• Arabian Cities

  • Another previous route, which ran through the Persian Gulf via the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was also threatened by exploitations from the Sassanid Empire, and disrupted by the Lakhmids, the Ghassanids, and the Roman–Persian Wars.