Satellite

Examples of Satellite in the following topics:

• Satellites

  • Natural satellites are celestial objects that orbit a larger body; artificial satellites are manmade objects put in the orbit of the Earth.
  • The word "satellite" has a somewhat ambiguous definition.
  • Natural satellites are often classified in terms of their size and composition, while artificial satellites are categorized in terms of their orbital parameters.
  • There are 76 objects in the asteroid belt with satellites (five with two satellites each), four Jupiter trojans, 39 near-Earth objects, and 14 Mars-crossers.
  • Of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites; Earth has one large natural satellite, known as the Moon; and Mars has two tiny natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos.

• Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • The two kinds of glia cells in the PNS, schwann cells and satellite cells, each have unique functions.
  • The PNS has two kinds of neuroglia: schwann cells and satellite cells.
  • Satellite cells are small glia that surround neurons' sensory ganglia in the ANS.
  • PNS satellite glia are very sensitive to injury and may exacerbate pathological pain.

• Defective Viruses

  • Replication defective viruses (also known as satellites) are those that need the presence of other viruses to help them reproduce.
  • Satellites depend on co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus for productive multiplication.
  • When a satellite subviral agent encodes the coat protein in which it is encapsulated, it is then called a satellite virus.
  • Satellite viral particles should not be confused with satellite DNA.
  • These viruses that are dependent on the presence of other virus species in the host cell are called satellites.

• Reactions to Sputnik

  • The Sputnik Crisis was the name for the mass panic that gripped American during the Soviets' launching of the space satellite.
  • Once the Soviets started to launch satellites into orbit, U.S. concern increased.
  • If the USSR could launch a satellite, it could also launch a nuclear warhead able to travel intercontinental distances.
  • Increased emphasis on the Navy's existing Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite into orbit, and a revival of the Army's Explorer program that preceded Vanguard in launching the first American satellite into orbit on January 31, 1958.
  • Sputnik, which means "satellite" in Russian, was the Soviet entry in a scientific race to launch the first satellite ever.

• Clusters of Neuronal Cell Bodies

  • Satellite glial cells are a type of glial cell that line the exterior surface of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) .
  • Satellite glial cells (SGCs) also surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia.
  • Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells.
  • Satellite glial cells are expressed throughout the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia in their respective nervous system divisions.

• Kepler's Third Law

  • Using subscripts 1 and 2 to denote two different satellites, and taking the ratio of the last equation for satellite 1 to satellite 2 yields
  • We obtain a relationship that can be used to determine the mass M of a parent body from the orbits of its satellites:
  • If r and P are known for a satellite, then the mass M of the parent can be calculated.
  • This principle has been used extensively to find the masses of heavenly bodies that have satellites.
  • Furthermore, the ratio r3/T2 should be a constant for all satellites of the same parent body (because r3/T2=GM/4π2).

• Creatine Supplementation

  • This may be due to improved water gain and retention, but it has also been suggested that it is instead due to the effect of creatine on satellite cells within muscle.
  • Specifically, creatine induces greater metabolic activity in satellite cells, and also may induce an increase in the number of myonuclei provided to muscle fibers by satellite cells.

• Muscle Development

  • Myoblasts that do not form muscle fibers dedifferentiate back into satellite (myosatellite) cells .
  • Satellite cells are able to differentiate and fuse to augment existing muscle fibers and form new ones.
  • In undamaged muscle, the majority of satellite cells are quiescent; they neither differentiate nor undergo cell division.
  • In response to mechanical strain, satellite cells become activated and initially proliferate as skeletal myoblasts before undergoing myogenic differentiation.
  • Satellite cells are located between the basement membrane and sarcolemma (cell membrane) of individual muscle fibers.

• Types of Nervous Tissue

  • In the PNS, satellite cells and Schwann cells are the two kinds of neuroglia.
  • Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

• The Soviet Socialist Republics

  • The satellites states that arose in the Eastern Bloc not only reproduced the command economies of the Soviet Union, but also adopted the brutal methods employed by Joseph Stalin and Soviet secret police to suppress real and potential opposition.
  • Throughout the Cold War, this right was widely considered to be meaningless, and the Soviet Republics were often referred to as "satellite states."
  • The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.
  • For the duration of the Cold War, the countries of Eastern Europe became Soviet satellite states — they were "independent" nations, which were one-party Communist States whose General Secretary had to be approved by the Kremlin, and so their governments usually kept their policy in line with the wishes of the Soviet Union, although nationalistic forces and pressures within the satellite states played a part in causing some deviation from strict Soviet rule.