secondary hyperparathyroidism

Examples of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the following topics:

• Parathyroid Gland Disorders

  • Parathyroid diseases can be divided into those causing hyperparathyroidism and those causing hypoparathyroidism.
  • Parathyroid diseases can be divided into those causing hyperparathyroidism and those causing hypoparathyroidism.
  • This is called hyperparathyroidism; it leads to hypercalcemia, kidney stones, osteoporosis, and various other symptoms.
  • Another related condition is called secondary hyperparathyroidism, or secondary HPT - common in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.
  • Even though one may not have any symptoms, treating secondary HPT is important.

• Osteomalacia and Rickets

  • Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by defective bone mineralization secondary to inadequate amounts of available phosphorus and calcium, or because of overactive resorption of calcium from the bone as a result of hyperparathyroidism (which causes hypercalcemia, in contrast to other aetiologies).

• Primary and Secondary Research

• Secondary Groups

  • Some secondary groups may last for many years, though most are short term.
  • Secondary relationships involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another.
  • The distinction between primary and secondary groups was originally proposed by Charles Cooley.
  • A secondary group is one you have chosen to be a part of.
  • Primary groups can form within secondary groups as relationships become more personal and close.

• Hormonal Control of Blood Calcium Levels

  • Hyperparathyroidism results from an overproduction of PTH, which leads to excessive amounts of calcium being removed from bones and introduced into blood circulation.

• Primary and Secondary Groups

  • Secondary groups are large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal-oriented.
  • Some secondary groups may last for many years, though most are short term.
  • People in a secondary group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group.
  • Since secondary groups are established to perform functions, people's roles are more interchangeable.
  • Examples of secondary groups include: classmates in a college course, athletic teams, and co-workers.

• Secondary Active Transport

  • In secondary active transport, a molecule is moved down its electrochemical gradient as another is moved up its concentration gradient.
  • Unlike in primary active transport, in secondary active transport, ATP is not directly coupled to the molecule of interest.
  • Both antiporters and symporters are used in secondary active transport.
  • Secondary active transport brings sodium ions, and possibly other compounds, into the cell.
  • This secondary process is also used to store high-energy hydrogen ions in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells for the production of ATP.

• Secondary Market Organizations

  • The secondary market is the financial market in which previously issued instruments such as stock, bonds, options, and futures are bought and sold.
  • The secondary market, also known as the aftermarket, is the financial market where previously issued securities and financial instruments such as stock, bonds, options, and futures are bought and sold.
  • After the initial issuance, investors can purchase from other investors in the secondary market.
  • The major stock exchanges are the most visible example of liquid secondary markets - in this case, for stocks of publicly traded companies.
  • Exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq, and the American Stock Exchange provide a centralized, liquid secondary market for the investors who own stocks that trade on those exchanges.

• Primary and Secondary Metabolites

  • Primary and secondary metabolites are often used in industrial microbiology for the production of food, amino acids, and antibiotics.
  • Metabolites can be categorized into both primary and secondary metabolites.
  • Atropine, derived from various plants, is a secondary metabolite with important use in the clinic.
  • Antibiotics such as erythromcyin and bacitracin are also considered to be secondary metabolites.
  • Lastly, another example of an antibiotic which is classified as a secondary metabolite is bacitracin.

• Primary and Secondary Growth in Stems

  • Plants undergo primary growth to increase length and secondary growth to increase thickness.
  • Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant.
  • The cells of the vascular cambium divide and form secondary xylem (tracheids and vessel elements) to the inside and secondary phloem (sieve elements and companion cells) to the outside.
  • The thickening of the stem that occurs in secondary growth is due to the formation of secondary phloem and secondary xylem by the vascular cambium, plus the action of cork cambium, which forms the tough outermost layer of the stem.
  • Secondary vascular tissue is added as the plant grows, as well as a cork layer.