The Eighth

Examples of The Eighth in the following topics:

• The Eighth Amendment

  • The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments.

• Solutions to Chapter 3 Exercises

  • The fifth and tenth harmonics; the sixth and twelfth harmonics; the seventh and fourteenth harmonics; and the eighth and sixteenth harmonics
  • The note that is one octave higher than a harmonic is also a harmonic, and its number in the harmonic series is twice (2 X) the number of the first note.

• The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

  • This case is often viewed as establishing a principle of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment
  • The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments.
  • The Eighth Amendment was adopted as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791.
  • Supreme Court's Eighth Amendment jurisprudence.
  • This case is often viewed as establishing a principle of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment.

• Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Nerve

  • The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves which carry information about hearing and balance.
  • The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves and has axons that carry the modalities of hearing and equilibrium.
  • This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain.
  • The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglia.
  • The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear.

• Beatus Manuscripts

  • The Commentary on the Apocalypse was originally a Mozabaric eighth-century work by the Spanish monk and theologian Beatus of Liébana.
  • The Commentary on the Apocalypse was originally a Mozabaric eighth-century work by the Spanish monk and theologian Beatus of Liébana.
  • The historical significance of the Commentary is made even more pronounced since it included a world map, offering a rare insight into the geographical understanding of the post-Roman world .
  • Mozarabic art refers to art of Mozarabs, Iberian Christians living in Al-Andalus who adopted Arab customs without converting to Islam during the Islamic invasion of the Iberian peninsula (from the eighth through the eleventh century).
  • The world map from the Saint-Sever Beatus, measuring 37 x 57 cm.

• Beams and Borrowed Divisions

  • Part of this includes grouping the rhythms such that they convey the beat unit and the beat division.
  • Beams are used to group any notes at the beat division level or shorter that fall within the same beat.
  • In this example, the eighth notes are not grouped with beams, making it difficult to interpret the triple meter.
  • If we re-notate the above example so that the notes that fall within the same beat are grouped together with a beam, it makes the music much easier to read.
  • Occasionally, composers will use a triple division of the beat in a simple meter, or a duple division of the beat in a compound meter.

• The First Intermediate Period

  • It included the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and part of the Eleventh dynasties.
  • Toward the end of the Old Kingdom, the positions of the nomarchs had become hereditary, creating family legacies independent from the king.
  • The Seventh and Eighth dynasties are often overlooked because very little is known about the rulers of these two periods.
  • The Eighth Dynasty rulers, claiming to be the descendants of the Sixth Dynasty kings, also ruled from Memphis.
  • After the obscure reign of the Seventh and Eighth dynasty kings, a group of rulers rose out of Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, and ruled for approximately 94 years.

• Dots, Ties, and Borrowed Divisions

  • A half note is half the length of a whole note; a quarter note is half the length of a half note; an eighth note is half the length of a quarter note, and so on.
  • For example, the first dot after a half note adds a quarter note length; the second dot would add an eighth note length.
  • Note: Some jazz musicians prefer to think of a swing rhythm as more of a heavy accent on the second eighth, rather than as a triplet rhythm, particularly when the tempo is fast.
  • The swung triplets may be written as triplets, or they may simply be written as "straight" eighth notes or dotted eighth-sixteenths.
  • A dotted quarter note, for example, would be the length of a quarter plus an eighth, because an eighth note is half the length of a quarter note.

• Series

  • A series is the sum of the terms of a sequence.
  • A series is, informally speaking, the sum of the terms of a sequence.
  • The terms of the series are often produced according to a certain rule, such as by a formula or by an algorithm.
  • The sequence of partial sums $\{S_k\}$ associated to a series $\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n$ is defined for each k as the sum of the sequence $\{a_n\}$ from $a_0$ to $a_k$:
  • Before traveling a quarter, you must travel one-eighth; before an eighth, one-sixteenth; and so on.

• Rhythmic Values

  • Flags can be added to the stems of filled noteheads; each flag shortens the duration by half.
  • For example, if a quarter note is equivalent in duration to two eighth notes, a dotted quarter note would be equivalent to three eighth notes.
  • Subsequent dots add half the duration of the previous dot.
  • For example, a quarter note with two dots would be equivalent in duration to a quarter, eighth, and sixteenth note.
  • In the example below, the duration of the first pitch is longer than a single measure, so it is represented by tying the dotted half note, which lasts the full measure, to the first beat of the subsequent measure.