the Twenty-fifth dynasty

(noun)

The last dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. It was a line of rulers originating in the Nubian Kingdom of Kush—in present-day northern Sudan and southern Egypt—and most saw Napata as their spiritual homeland. They reigned in part or all of Ancient Egypt from 760 BCE to 656 BCE. Their reunification of Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Kush (Nubia) created the largest Egyptian empire since the New Kingdom. They assimilated into society by reaffirming Ancient Egyptian religious traditions, temples, and artistic forms, while introducing some unique aspects of Kushite culture.

Related Terms

Examples of the Twenty-fifth dynasty in the following topics:

  • The Third Intermediate Period

    • The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt last from 1070 BC up to the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty in 664 BC.
    • The period encompassed the 21st through 25th Dynasties, and lasted until the foundation of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty by Psamtik I in 664 BC.
    • This is generally considered the start of the Late Period, following the expulsion of the Nubian rulers of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty by the Assyrians under King Assurbanipal .
    • Even in Ramesses XI's day, the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt was losing its grip on power in the city of Thebes, whose priests were becoming increasingly powerful.
    • The Nubian Pharoahs depicted in these were the rules of the 25th Dynasty.

  • The Third Intermediate Period

    • The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069-664 BCE) spanned the Twenty-first to Twenty-sixth Dynasties, and was marked by internal divisions within Egypt, as well as conquest and rule by foreigners.
    • The period of the Twenty-first Dynasty was characterized by the country's fracturing kingship.
    • The Twenty-second (c. 943-716 BCE) and Twenty-third (c. 880-720 BCE) Dynasties
    • The country was firmly reunited by the Twenty-second Dynasty, founded by Shoshenq I in approximately 943 BCE.
    • Following his military conquests, Piye established the Twenty-fifth Dynasty and appointed the defeated rulers as his provincial governors.

  • Nubia

    • Alara, a King of Kush who is the first recorded prince of Nubia, founded the Napatan, or Twenty-fifth, Kushite dynasty at Napata in Nubia, now the Sudan.
    • Kashta's successor, Piye, seized control of Lower Egypt around 727 BCE, creating the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt.
    • The power of the Twenty-fifth dynasty reached a climax under Piye's son, Taharqa.
    • It was during the 25th dynasty that the Nile valley saw the first widespread construction of pyramids (many in modern Sudan) since the Middle Kingdom.
    • On account of the Kingdom of Kush's proximity to Ancient Egypt—the first cataract at Elephantine usually being considered the traditional border between the two polities—and because the Twenty-fifth dynasty ruled over both states in the 8th century BCE, from the Rift Valley to the Taurus mountains, historians have closely associated the study of Kush with Egyptology.

  • Art and Architecture in the Kingdom of Kush

    • The Kingdom of Kush was an ancient African state situated on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile, and River Atbara in what is now the Republic of Sudan.
    • After king Kashta invaded Egypt in the eighth century BCE, the Kushite kings ruled as Pharaohs of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled by Psamtik I in 656 BCE.
    • The reign of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty ushered in a renaissance period for ancient Egypt, and art and architecture emulating the styles of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms flourished.
    • However, Kushite pyramids were built above the underground graves, whereas the Egyptian graves were inside the pyramid.
    • Evaluate the influence of both Egyptian and African art on the art produced by the Kingdom of Kush

  • The Decline of Ancient Egypt

    • After a renaissance in the Twenty-fifth dynasty, when religion, arts, and architecture (including pyramids) were restored, struggles against the Assyrians led to eventual conquest of Egypt by Esarhaddon in 671 BCE.
    • Having been victorious in Egypt, the Assyrians installed a series of vassals known as the Saite kings of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty.
    • Egypt was joined with Cyprus and Phoenicia in the sixth satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, also called the Twenty-seventh Dynasty.
    • This ended in 402 BCE, and the last native royal house of dynastic Egypt, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, was ruled by Nectanebo II.
    • Persian rule was restored briefly in 343 BCE, known as the Thirty-first Dynasty, but in 332 BCE, Egypt was handed over peacefully to the Macedonian ruler, Alexander the Great.

  • Late Egyptian Art

    • The Twenty-Sixth Dynasty, also known as the Saite Dynasty, reigned from 672–525 BCE.
    • The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty consisted of a single king, Amyrtaeus, prince of Sais, who rebelled against the Persians and briefly re-established indigenous Egyptian rule.
    • The Twenty-Ninth Dynasty ruled from Mendes, from 398–380 BCE.
    • The Thirtieth Dynasty took the art style from the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty.
    • Despite changes in the sculptures of Horus and Pataikos, this image of the last pharaoh of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty appears in the more traditional stylized form.

  • The 25th Amendment

    • The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.
    • There are two documented instances in which invocation of Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment was considered, both of which involved the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan.
    • If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
    • Joint Resolution Proposing the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, page 1.
    • Describe the succession to the presidency in the case of the president's death or incapacity

  • The Old Kingdom

    • The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to the period from the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2686-2181 BCE), when Egypt gained in complexity and achievement.
    • The Fifth Dynasty began with Userkaf (2494-2487 BCE), and with several religious changes.
    • The cult of the sun god Ra, and temples built for him, began to grow in importance during the Fifth Dynasty.
    • They passed down the title through their lineage, thus creating local dynasties that were not under the control of the king.
    • The Great Pyramid of Giza was built c. 2560 BCE, by Khufu during the Fourth Dynasty.

  • Rise of the Ming Dynasty

    • The Ming dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang.
    • The Ming dynasty (January 23, 1368–April 25, 1644), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang (known posthumously as Emperor Taizu).
    • It succeeded the Yuan dynasty and preceded the short-lived Shun dynasty, which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty.
    • The Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) ruled before the establishment of the Ming dynasty.
    • After about three years, he returned to the monastery and stayed there until he was around twenty-four years old.

  • The New Kingdom

    • The New Kingdom of Egypt spanned the Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c. 1550-1077 BCE), and was Egypt's most prosperous time.
    • The Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties (1292-1069 BCE) are also known as the Ramesside period, after the eleven pharaohs that took the name of Ramesses.
    • Toward the end of this dynasty, the Hittites had expanded their influence into Phoenicia and Canaan, the outcome of which would be inherited by the rulers of the Nineteenth Dynasty.
    • The Nineteenth Dynasty ended in a revolt led by Setnakhte, the founder of the Twentieth Dynasty.
    • Menes eventually founded the Twenty-first Dynasty at Tanis.