tradition

Examples of tradition in the following topics:

• Traditional Authority

  • Traditional authority refers to a form of leadership in which authority derives from tradition or custom.
  • Traditional authority is generally associated with monarchies or tribal systems.
  • For example, historically, kings derived their authority from tradition.
  • Traditional authority is a type of leadership in which the authority of a ruling regime is largely tied to tradition or custom.
  • Weber traced traditional domination back to patriarchs, their households, and the ancient tradition of the family.

• Jazz, Blues, and World Music

  • Perhaps the oldest and most widely popular of these styles are the ones that join European and African musical traditions.
  • These include various Latin (from Central and South America, some of which also include Native American influences) and Caribbean traditions, and from North America, many different kinds of jazz and blues.
  • Most American popular musics also grew out of this blending of traditions.
  • This includes older blended traditions such as rumba and samba, newer but well-established blended genres such as reggae and Afrobeat, and groups with unique experimental sounds borrowing from more than one tradition.
  • African-American traditions are so basic to popular music that they are generally not included in World music, but other North American traditions, such as Native American and Cajun traditions, sometimes are.

• Introduction to Criteria for Evaluation

  • Both ends and means can be ranked on the basis of tradition.
  • Communities often develop traditional solutions to economic problems.
  • These traditional ends and means are created and evolve as workable solutions to problems.
  • In many cases, traditional solutions may be very effective.
  • The ranking of ends and means by tradition may lag behind the changes in knowledge, technology and environmental circumstance.

• Other Non-Western Modal Musics

  • To the average Western listener, medieval European chant and classical Indian music are the two most familiar traditions that are not based on major and minor scales.
  • But many other musical traditions around the world are not based on Western scales.
  • While the church mode/jazz mode tradition features diatonic modes (which can be played using only the white keys of a piano), non-Western modes may use other types of scales.
  • In other music traditions, modes are much more like Indian ragas, featuring important variations in tuning and melodic expectations from one mode to the next, so that each mode may be seen as a collection of related melodic ideas, phrases, and ornamentations that are traditionally played with a certain set of notes tuned in a certain way.
  • (Some non-Indian traditions even use the term raga. ) All of these musics have long traditions that are very different from the familiar major-minor tonal system, and usually also have a different approach to harmony, rhythm, and performance practice.

• Modes and Ragas

  • Many music traditions do not use scales.
  • In these and other modal traditions, the rules for constructing a piece of music are quite different than the rules for music that is based on a scale.

• Conservatism

  • Conservatism is a social and political philosophy that supports retaining traditional social institutions and has many modern variations.
  • It is heavily oriented towards the traditional family and social stability, and it is in favour of limiting immigration.
  • They believe strongly in traditional values and politics, and often have an urgent sense of nationalism.
  • Social conservatives believe that the government has a role in encouraging or enforcing what they consider traditional values or behaviors.
  • A social conservative wants to preserve traditional morality and social mores, often through civil law or regulation.

• The Mixteca-Puebla Tradition

  • The Mixteca-Puelba tradition of artistry originates from the pre-Columbian Mixtec peoples from the region of Puebla, Mesoamerica.
  • They are the fourth largest indigenous group in Mexico, although many have emigrated out of traditional Mixteca areas into other parts of the state, Mexico City, and even the United States.
  • This variant of artistic style and iconography, commonly found in pottery, became associated with traits of the Toltec archaeological tradition in Mesoamerican culture during the early post-classic period (800-1000).
  • Evaluate the Mixteca-Puebla tradition of art as it relates to Mixtec arts and crafts.

• African Art and the Spirit World

  • Beliefs about the spirit world are deeply embedded in traditional African culture, but were heavily influenced by Christianity and Islam.
  • Most traditional African cultures include beliefs about the spirit world, which is widely represented through both traditional and modern art such as masks, statues, and sculptures.
  • Wooden masks, which often take the form of animals, humans, or mythical creatures, are one of the most commonly found forms of traditional art in western Africa.
  • Christianity and Islam make up the largest religions in contemporary Africa, and some sources say that less than 15% still follow traditional African religions.
  • Despite the drastic decrease in native African religions, some modern art in Africa has worked to reincorporate traditional spiritual beliefs.

• Economic Systems

  • These are classified as markets, command, and tradition.
  • Markets and command exist in traditional economies.
  • Tradition and markets exist in command economies.
  • Western industrial societies categorized as "market-oriented" economies rely primarily on exchange, but contain elements of tradition and command.
  • In market economies tradition is important to such decisions regarding values, expectations about behavior (trust, loyalty, etc.), fashion, preferences about housing, choices about occupations and geographic preferences.

• Dividing the Octave, More or Less

  • Although some divisions are more common than others, any division can be imagined, and many are used in different musical traditions around the world.
  • (Please see Indian Classical Music: Tuning and Ragas for more on this. ) And there are some traditions in Africa that use six or eight notes within an octave.
  • Many Non-Western traditions, besides using different scales, also use different tuning systems; the intervals in the scales may involve quarter tones (a half of a half step), for example, or other intervals we don't use.
  • Besides being necessary to describe the scales and tuning systems of many Non-Western traditions, they have also been used in modern Western classical music, and are also used in African-American traditions such as jazz and blues.