value system
Sociology
Political Science
Examples of value system in the following topics:
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Value Contradictions
- An example of conflict would be a value system based on individualism pitted against a value system based on collectivism.
- Value contradictions can arise between individual and communal value systems.
- Value contradictions can also arise within individual or communal value systems.
- Conflicts are often a result of differing value systems.
- An example conflict would be a value system based on individualism pitted against a value system based on collectivism.
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Ideal vs. Real Culture
- Any given culture contains a set of values and value systems that determine what is important to the society as a whole.
- Along with every value system comes exceptions to those values.
- A realized value system, as opposed to an ideal value system, contains exceptions to resolve the contradictions between ideal values and practical realities in everyday circumstances.
- The difference between these two types of systems can be seen when people state that they hold one value system, yet in practice deviate from it, thus holding a different value system.
- Compare the idea of an idealized and a realized value system
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Value Clusters
- People from different backgrounds tend to have different value systems, which cluster together into a more or less consistent system.
- People from different backgrounds tend to have different sets of values, or value systems.
- Certain values may cluster together into a more or less consistent system.
- A communal or cultural value system is held by and applied to a community, group, or society.
- Some communal value systems are reflected in legal codes and laws.
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Values as Binders
- Values and value systems are guidelines that determine what is important in a society.
- A value system is a set of consistent personal and cultural values used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity.
- While a personal value system is held by and applied to one individual only, a communal or cultural value system is held by and applied to a community/group/society.
- Some communal value systems are reflected in the form of legal codes or law.
- As a member of a society, group, or community, an individual can hold both a personal value system and a communal value system at the same time.
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Defining Values
- A person will filter all of these influences and meld them into a unique value set that may differ from the value sets of others in the same culture.
- Sociologist Morris Massey outlines three critical development periods for an individual's value system:
- Values can strongly influence employee conduct in the workplace.
- However, hiring for values is at least as important.
- Define values in the context of organizational ethics and organizational behavior
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Political Values
- Political cultures have values that are largely shared by their members; these are called political values.
- A value system is a set of consistent values and measures.
- This means they vary across individuals and cultures and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems.
- Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values, and aesthetic values.
- A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful, constructive, etc.
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Comparison of Enthalpy to Internal Energy
- A thermodynamic system can be any physical system with a well-defined volume in space.
- Internal energy is a state function, meaning its value is dependent only on the current state of the system.
- Hence, -q means the system loses heat, while +q means a system gains heat.
- Similarly, +w means work is done on the system, while -w means work is done by the system.
- Therefore a positive $\Delta U$ value means there is a net gain of energy by the system, while a negative $\Delta U$ value means there is a net loss of energy in the system.
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Introduction to Systems of Equations
- A system of equations consists of two or more equations in two or more variables, and solutions must satisfy all equations in the system at the same time.
- To find the unique solution to a system of linear equations, we must find a numerical value for each variable in the system that will satisfy all equations in the system at the same time.
- We can verify the solution by substituting the values into each equation to see if the ordered pair satisfies both equations.
- A solution to the system above is given by
- An inconsistent system has no solution.
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The Systems Viewpoint
- Systems thinking is an approach to problem solving that considers the overall system instead of focusing on specific parts of a system.
- Systems thinking is the process of understanding how people and situations influence one another within a closed system.
- The end product of effective systems management is synergy, in which the end product has more value than the individual sum of its parts.
- Systems generally contain the following aspects:
- Practitioners of systems thinking believe that the component parts of a system can best be understood, and best analyzed, in the context of their relationships with other parts of a system .
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How Values Influence Behavior
- Values are defined as perspectives about an appropriate course of action.
- If a person values honesty, then he or she will strive to be honest.
- People who value transparency will work hard to be transparent.
- The relationship between values and behavior is intimate, as values create a construct for appropriate actions.
- A system of punishments and rewards can also help foster the type of values the company wants to see in its employees, essentially filtering behavior through conditioning.