Examples of Wage Workers Party in the following topics:
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- About 40 percent of the workers in the cities were low-wage laborers and seamstresses in clothing factories, often living in dismal circumstances.
- Many Americans left farms and small towns to work in factories, which were organized for mass production and characterized by steep hierarchy, a reliance on relatively unskilled labor, and low wages.
- They also changed American politics; often aligned with the Democratic Party, unions represented a key constituency for much of the social legislation enacted from the time of President Franklin D.
- But unskilled workers in more traditional industries often have encountered difficulties.
- The 1980s and 1990s saw a growing gap in the wages paid to skilled and unskilled workers.
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- Efficiency wage theory is the idea that firms may permanently hold to a real wage greater than the equilibrium wage.
- However, firms may choose to pay wages higher than the market-clearing equilibrium in order to incentivize increased worker productivity or to reduce turnover.
- Minimizing turnover: As mentioned above, by paying above-market wages, the worker's motivation to leave the job and look for a job elsewhere will be reduced.
- This strategy makes sense when it is expensive to train replacement workers.
- Selection: If job performance depends on workers' ability and workers differ from each other in those terms, firms with higher wages will attract more able job-seekers, and this may make it profitable to offer wages that exceed the market clearing level.
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- Union activity and striking, spearheaded by women factory workers in the 1800s, were important means by which workers could address harsh manufacturing conditions.
- Even though strikes were rarely successful and workers usually were forced to accept reduced wages and increased hours, work stoppages as a form of labor protest represented the beginnings of the labor movement in the United States.
- In Philadelphia, New York, and Boston—all cities that experienced dizzying industrial growth during the nineteenth century—workers united to form political parties.
- Thomas Skidmore from Connecticut was the outspoken organizer of the Working Men’s Party, which lodged a radical protest against the exploitation of workers that accompanied industrialization.
- The Working Men’s Party also advocated the end of imprisonment for debt.
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- Factory workers may unionize and use collective bargaining to determine a wage rate that is mutually beneficial to the workers and the employers.
- Item 2(a) of the International Labour Organization's Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work defines the "freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining" as an essential right of workers.
- The parties often refer to the result of the negotiation as a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) or as a collective employment agreement (CEA).
- The so-called monopoly union model (Dunlop, 1944) states that the monopoly union has the power to maximize the wage rate; the firm then chooses the level of employment.
- The efficient bargaining model (McDonald and Solow, 1981) sees the union and the firm bargaining over both wages and employment (or, more realistically, hours of work).
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- Demand for the type of workers that can provide positive marginal productivity over marginal cost will see an increase in their wages.
- That is, firms will hire someone if the employee can produce more value for the firm than s/he costs in wages or salary.
- This will increase the wages of skilled workers, but not of unskilled workers.
- The increased returns will go to unskilled workers (they will see their wages increase), even though the country also has an absolute advantage in skilled labor.
- This will drive up demand for scientists, and therefore their wages.
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- In February 1910, the NWTUL settled with the factory owners, gaining improved wages, working conditions, and hours.
- Despite their meager wages, workers were often required to supply their own basic materials, including needles, thread, and sewing machines .
- At some work sites, steel doors were used to lock in workers so as to prevent workers from taking breaks.
- Prompted by one mill owner's decision to lower wages when a new law shortening the workweek went into effect in January, the strike spread rapidly through the town, growing to more than twenty thousand workers at nearly every mill within a week.
- The committee, which arranged for its strike meetings to be translated into 25 different languages, put forward a set of demands that included a 15% increase in wages for a 54-hour work week, double time for overtime work, and no discrimination against workers for their strike activity.
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- According to the basic theory of the labor market, there ought to be one equilibrium wage rate that applies to all workers across industries and countries.
- Of course this is not the case; doctors typically make more per hour than retail clerks, and workers in the United States typically earn a higher wage than workers in India.
- More skilled and educated workers tend to have higher wages because their marginal product of labor tends to be higher .
- Additionally, the differential pay for more education tends to compensate workers for the time, effort, and foregone wages from obtaining the necessary training.
- If the attractiveness of that area compared to other areas does not change, the wage rate will be set at such a rate that workers will be indifferent between living in areas that are more attractive but with a lower wage and living in areas which are more attractive with a higher wage.
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- Unionization is the process of workers forming a union, which is an organization to further the workers' shared interests.
- A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals.
- Political activity—unions may promote legislation favorable to their members or to workers as a whole.
- To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, and financially support individual candidates or parties for public office.
- Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers, a cross-section of workers from various trades, or all workers within a particular industry.
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- Employers' costs can increase due to workers organizing to achieve higher wages, or as a result of laws imposing costly requirements (such as health and safety) or restrictions on their free choice of whom to hire.
- Workers' organizations, such as labor unions, can also transcend purely industrial disputes and gain political power.
- As both parties (i.e., employees and employers) are motivated by their own best interests (in a capitalistic view), labor laws are there to define the rules of engagement.
- Though there is a minimum hourly wage in the U.S., the value of that minimum wage has decreased over time as the wage fails to adjust with inflation.
- In the 1960s and 1970s the federal minimum wage was equivalent to about 9 dollars in 2013, while the 2013 federal minimum wage was 7 dollars.
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- A worker must decide how many units of labour (hours, days, weeks, years, etc) they will offer for sale at each possible wage rate.
- Generally it is believed that more labour will be offered for sale at higher wage rates, up to a point.
- The segment HGB is one possibility, it represents a supply where the worker is willing to offer more labour at higher wage rates.
- At a wage rates higher than WH, the supplier substitutes leisure for income and offers less labour for sale as the wage increases.
- A horizontal segment at the prevailing wage rate is caused by a worker or workers who refuse to work at any wage that is less than the prevailing wage, WR.