War of Black Liberation

Examples of War of Black Liberation in the following topics:

• War of Black Liberation

  • The Civil War is sometimes referred to as The War of Black Liberation because the Civil War resulted in the end of slavery.
  • The Civil War is often referred to as "The War of Black Liberation", because it eventually resulted in the end of slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation and the passing of the 13th Amendment.
  • The Civil War then became known as a War of Black Liberation; however it was fueled by a mix of political, economic, and moral motives.
  • The question of raising black regiments in the Union's war efforts was also with trepidation at first by officials within the Union command structure - President Lincoln included.
  • Explain why the Civil War is often referred to as the War of Black Liberation.

• Reform and the Election of 1872

  • In response to President Grant's federal patronage, in 1870, Senator Carl Schurz from Missouri, a German immigrant and Civil War hero, started a second party known as the Liberal Republicans.
  • Frederick Douglass supported Grant and reminded black voters that Grant had destroyed the violent Ku Klux Klan.
  • Grant had remained a popular Civil War hero, and the Republicans continued to wave the "bloody shirt" as a patriotic symbol intended to remind voters that the Democrats did not support the war effort.
  • Because of political infighting between Liberal Republicans and Democrats, the physically ailing Greeley was no match for Grant, the "Hero of Appomattox," and lost dismally in the popular vote.
  • Horace Greeley was soundly defeated as the candidate of the Liberal Republican Party during the election of 1872.

• Liberalism

  • Liberalism is a broad political ideology or worldview founded on the ideas of liberty and equality.
  • Liberalist ideas spread even further in the twentieth century, when liberal democracies were on the winning side in both World Wars I and II, and when liberalism survived major ideological challenges from fascism and communism.
  • Classical liberalism is a political philosophy and ideology belonging to liberalism in which primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government.
  • Many fundamental elements of modern society have liberal roots.
  • Discuss the central tenets and principles of liberalism as a political philosophy

• The Beats

  • The Beats were a group of post-World War II American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s.
  • The Beat Generation was a group of American post-World War II writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, including the cultural phenomena they documented and inspired.
  • The publishers won, and publishing in the United States was liberalized.
  • Spiritual liberation, sexual revolution or liberation (i.e., gay liberation, which somewhat catalyzed women's liberation and black liberation);
  • Many of the original Beats remained active participants, notably Allen Ginsberg, who became a fixture of the anti-war movement.

• The Spread of Liberal Democracy

  • The United States, Canada, France, and other Western countries are examples of liberal democracies.
  • Liberal democracy is a common form of representative democracy.
  • By the end of the 19th century, liberal democracy was no longer only a liberal idea, but an idea supported by many different ideologies.
  • After World War I and especially after World War II, liberal democracy achieved a dominant position among theories of government and is now endorsed by the vast majority of the political spectrum.
  • Defend the notion of liberal democracy using examples from its enlightenment origins

• Classical Liberalism

  • Classical liberalism is a philosophy committed to the ideals of limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, and liberty of individuals.
  • Classical liberalism places a particular emphasis on the sovereignty of the individual and considers property rights an essential component of individual liberty.
  • Classical liberals extended protection of the country to protection of overseas markets through armed intervention.
  • Additionally, classical liberals believed that unfettered commerce with other nations would eventually eliminate war and imperial conflicts.
  • Through peaceful, harmonious trade relationships established by private merchants and companies without government interference, mutual national interest and prosperity would derive from commercial exchange rather than imperial territorial acquisition (which liberals saw as the root of all wars).

• The Grant Years

  • During the Civil War, many in the North believed that fighting for the Union was a noble cause – for the preservation of the Union and the end of slavery.
  • Stanton, a Radical, to be reinstated as Secretary of War.
  • The opponents, called "Liberal Republicans", included founders of the party who expressed dismay that the party had succumbed to corruption.
  • They were further wearied by the continued insurgent violence of whites against blacks in the South, especially around every election cycle, which demonstrated the war was not over and changes were fragile.
  • The Liberal Republican party vanished and many former supporters—even former abolitionists—abandoned the cause of Reconstruction.

• White Terror

  • After the Civil War, a number of white supremacist groups formed as a reaction to the recent liberation of African-American former slaves, who now competed for paying jobs and opportunities in the South.
  • They directed their activities toward intimidation and removal of Northern and black Republican candidates and officeholders.
  • The Klan used public violence against blacks as a method of intimidation.
  • The Klan attacked black members of the Loyal Leagues and intimidated southern Republicans and Freedmen's Bureau workers.
  • Agents of the Freedmen's Bureau reported weekly assaults and murders of blacks.

• Racial Friction

  • The industrial cities of the North and Midwest experienced severe labor shortages following World War I.
  • This resulted in postwar social tensions related to the demobilization of veterans of World War I, both black and white, and competition for jobs among ethnic whites and blacks.
  • At the height of the tensions came the Red Summer of 1919, when whites carried out open acts of violence against blacks, who were forced to fight back.
  • In September 1919, in response to the Red Summer, the African Blood Brotherhood, a radical black liberation organization, formed in northern cities to serve as an "armed resistance" movement.
  • A lack of plans for demobilization after World War I exacerbated racial and economic tensions in many cities across the U.S.

• Monarchies and Liberal Democracies

  • Throughout history, monarchies have been abolished, either through revolutions, legislative reforms, coups d'état or wars.
  • The twentieth century saw a major escalation of this process, with many monarchies violently overthrown by revolution or war, or abolished as part of the process of decolonization.
  • Liberal democracy traces its origins, and its name, to the European 18th century, also known as the Age of Enlightenment.
  • Near the end of the 18th century, these ideas inspired the American and French Revolutions, the latter giving birth to the ideology of liberalism, and instituting forms of government that attempted to apply the principles of the Enlightenment philosophers into practice.
  • Liberalism ceased being a fringe opinion and joined the political mainstream.