Examples of Western Zhou period in the following topics:
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- Under the initial period of the Zhou Dynasty (called the Western Zhou period), a number of innovations were made, rulers were legitimized under the Mandate of Heaven, a feudal system developed, and new forms of irrigation allowed the population to expand.
- The first period of Zhou rule, during which the Zhou held undisputed power over China, is known as the Western Zhou period.
- This period ended when the capital was moved eastward.
- China created a substantial amount of literature during the Zhou Dynasty.
- The Zhou capital was sacked by the barbarians, and with this the Western Zhou period ended.
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- The Eastern Zhou period was divided into two halves.
- The first period of Zhou rule, which lasted from 1046-771 BCE and was referred to as the Western Zhou period, was characterized mostly by unified, peaceful rule.
- The capital was quickly moved east to Chengzhou, near modern-day Luoyang, and the Zhou abandoned the western regions.
- Thus, the assassination marked the end of the Western Zhou period and the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period.
- Explain the main political and military developments during the Eastern Zhou period
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- Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji family lasted only until 771 BCE, a period known as the Western Zhou.
- Though iron was introduced to China during the Zhou Dynasty, this period of Chinese history produced what many consider the zenith of Chinese bronze-ware making.
- The archaeological record suggests that the Zhou were cultural opportunists.
- The bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty document large portions of history not found in the existing texts of the time, and the medium of cast bronze lends the record a permanence not enjoyed by manuscripts.
- The relative points of reference these vessels provide have enabled historians to place most of the vessels within a certain time frame of the Western Zhou period, allowing them to trace the evolution of the vessels and the events they record.
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- Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and Mohism all began during the Zhou Dynasty in the 6th century BCE, and had very strong influences on Chinese civilization.
- He looked back on the Western
Zhou period, with its strong centralized state, as an ideal.
- Another important
philosopher in this period was Lao-tzu (also called Laozi), who founded Daoism (also called Taoism) during the same period as Confucianism.
- Although Confucianism and Daoism are
the Chinese philosophies that have endured most to this day, even more
important to this early period was a lesser-known philosophy called Legalism.
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- Ceramic and Jade art continued from the Shang Dynasty, and was improved and refined, especially during the Warring States Period.
- During the Eastern Zhou period, a large quantity of lacquerware began to be produced.
- These are Chinese Western Han (202 BC - 9 CE) era lacquerwares and lacquer tray unearthed from the 2nd-century-BCE Han Tomb No.1 at Mawangdui, Changsha, China in 1972.
- From the Western Zhou Dynasty, dated c. 1000 BC.
- Identify some of the art forms prevelant under the Zhou Dynasty
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- In 1046 BCE, the Zhou, a subject people living in the western part of the kingdom, overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye.
- This was a battle between Shang and Zhou clans, over the Shang's expansion.
- The Zhou established authority by forging alliances with regional nobles, and founded their new dynasty with its capital at Fenghao (near present-day Xi'an, in western China).
- The Zhou claimed that their rule was justified by the Mandate of Heaven.
- The need for the Zhou to create a history of a unified China is also why some scholars think the Xia Dynasty may have been an invention of the Zhou.
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- It succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and was followed by the Yuan dynasty.
- The Song dynasty was divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern.
- The Later Zhou was the last of the Five Dynasties that had controlled northern China after the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907.
- Zhao Kuangyin, later known as Emperor Taizu (r. 960–976), usurped the throne from the Zhou with the support of military commanders in 960, initiating the Song dynasty.
- Although the Song state was evenly matched against the Liao dynasty, the Song gained significant military victories against the Western Xia (who would eventually fall to the Mongol conquest of Genghis Khan in 1227).
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- In Ancient Egypt, the Bronze Age begins in the Protodynastic period, circa 3,150 BCE.
- During this time period, the pantheon of the gods was established.
- China, Shang or Zhou dynasty bronze, c. 1000 BCE.
- Motif common in Shang and early Zhou dynasties.
- Compare and contrast the art of the Bronze age found in the Ancient Near East, East Asia, and Western Europe.
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- The first period, called the Western Han, lasted until 9 CE.
- This Western Han period would last from 206 BCE to 9 CE, when the dynasty's rule would be briefly interrupted by rebellion and the short-lived Xin Dynasty.
- Throughout the Western Han period, the Han largely continued the governing policies of the Qin, continuing to expand the bureaucracy and encouraging a centralized state.
- Emperor Gaozu rewarded his supporters with grants of land, which started again the same problems that had brought down the Zhou Dynasty.
- Compare the Han Dynasty with the earlier Qin Dynasty, and explain the Western Han period
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- It built huge cities, monopolized bronze, and developed writing, until it was overthrown by the Zhou.
- The Shang Dynasty (also
called the Yin Dynasty) succeeded the Xia Dynasty, and was followed by the Zhou
Dynasty.
- The Shang Dynasty was overthrown in 1046 BCE by the Zhou, a subject people living in the western part of the kingdom.