work in progress

Examples of work in progress in the following topics:

• The Varieties of Progressivism

  • Progressive-Era reformers sought to use the federal government to make sweeping reforms in politics, education, economics, and society.
  • Purification to eliminate waste and corruption was a powerful element, as well as the Progressives' support of worker compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a support for a maximum hours that workers could work for, graduated income tax and allowed women the right to vote.
  • The Progressives believed in the Hamiltonian concept of positive government, of a national government directing the destinies of the nation at home and abroad.
  • Progressives such as Benjamin Parke De Witt argued that in a modern economy, large corporations and even monopolies were both inevitable and desirable.
  • Wilson uses tariff, currency and anti-trust laws to prime the pump and get the economy working in a 1913 political cartoon.

• Harmonic Syntax: The Idealized Phrase

  • In Western classical music, harmonies generally group into three harmonic functions—tonic (T), subdominant (S), and dominant (D)—and these functions group together chords that progress to and from other chords in similar ways.
  • Some such phrases even exist in real music!
  • Future study will explore how classical composers employ harmonic progressions in larger musical works that combine multiple phrases (which are not self-sufficient) into larger themes and movements.
  • In functional bass terms, any harmonic progression that follows the pattern
  • (Harmonies in parentheses are optional.)

• Social Justice

  • Politically, progressives belonged to a wide range of parties: with leaders from both the Democratic and Republican parties as well as the Bull-Moose Republicans, Lincoln–Roosevelt League Republicans (in California) and the United States Progressive Party.
  • The Progressive Era witnessed an increasing interest in social reforms.
  • Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than warm-hearted amateurs.
  • In general, it targeted privilege, unfair wealth gaps, poverty, irresponsible administration, and all forms of social and political corruption, which Progressives believed were retarding the expansion and growth of a more egalitarian, democratic nation.
  • This is John Dewey at the University of Chicago in 1902.

• Verbal Aspect: Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive

  • Future progressive verbs express actions that will begin in the future and be continuous.
  • Verbs in past perfect progressive express a continuous, completed action that had taken place in the past.
  • Verbs in present perfect progressive express a continuous action that began in the past and continues into the present.
  • Verbs in future perfect progressive express a continuous, completed action that will have taken place in the future.
  • This spring, I will have been working for Cool Stuff, Inc. for twenty years!

• Middle-Class Reformers

  • The progressives worked through new middle class organizations to fight against the corruption and behind-the-scenes power of entrenched state party organizations and big city machines.
  • They demanded--and obtained in 1920-- votes for women and the prohibition of alcohol .
  • Many states enacted laws to improve the conditions under which people lived and worked.
  • Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace.
  • In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize .

• The Limits of Progressivism

  • Civil Rights and Progressive Reforms were thus mostly exclusionary projects that had little real influence on each other in the early twentieth century.
  • In addition to internal contradictions that limited the scope and success of progressives, the movement as a whole lost popular support around the time of World World I.
  • Historians of women and of youth emphasize the strength of the Progressive impulse in the 1920s.
  • The work was not nearly as dramatic as the suffrage crusade, but women voted and operated quietly and effectively.
  • Roosevelt depicted as "concocting a heady brew in his speeches" in this 1912 political cartoon.

• Features of Progressivism

  • In ridding the country of corruption, Progressives also sought to create a more effective American democracy.
  • Progressives believed the family was the cornerstone of American society, and that government, especially municipal government, must work to solidify and support the family.
  • Progressives tirelessly worked to reform and modernize schools at the local level.
  • Progressive scholars, based at emerging research universities such as Harvard, Columbia, Johns Hopkins, Chicago, Michigan, Wisconsin and California, worked to modernize their disciplines.
  • When Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected President with a Democratic Congress in 1912, he implemented a series of progressive policies in economics.

• Sonata Form: The Development

  • Thus, functional-bass notation does not work for all situations.Instead, we will primarily use Roman numerals for our analysis of harmony in pop/rock music, occasionally using functional bass as a supplement to help us make sense of a particular harmonic pattern or relate it to what we've studied in classical harmony.
  • This affects the "rules" of harmonic syntax, as 6/3 chords in classical progressions are replaced by 5/3 chords in pop/rock progressions.
  • The same bass line does the same work, but by using a 5/3 chord instead of a 6/3 chord, the functional progression changes to something that would break the rules of classical syntax.)
  • For example, "Viva la Vida" by Coldplay works through a cyclical repetition of the same succession of chords, but their phrases begin on IV rather than I:
  • This progression is interesting in two particular ways.

• Verb Tense: Past, Present, and Future

  • To show that the action is continuous the verbs reading, running, and working are paired with the appropriate form of the verb to be (am, is, are).
  • The present perfect progressive tense combines have/has with been and the verb to show that the action began in the past and is still occurring in the present.
  • The past perfect progressive expresses a continuous, completed action that had taken place in the past.
  • The future progressive expresses a continuous action which will take place in the future.
  • To show that the action is continuous and in the future, the verbs are paired with will be, and to show that they are progressive, the main verb ends in -ing.

• Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism

  • In every major city and state, and at the national level as well, and in education, medicine, and industry, the progressives called for the modernization and reform of decrepit institutions, the elimination of corruption in politics, and the introduction of efficiency as a criterion for change.
  • Supreme Court in the 1896 case of Plessy v.
  • Specifically, as women campaigned for the vote, most progressives argued on behalf of female suffrage as a necessary reform to combat the influence of "corrupted" or "ignorant" black voters in the election booth.
  • Civil Rights and Progressive Reforms were thus mostly exclusionary projects that had little real influence on each other in the early twentieth century.
  • At the local, municipal, and state level, various Progressive reformers advocated for disparate goals that ranged as wide as prison reform, education, government reorganization, urban improvement, prohibition, female suffrage, birth control, improved working conditions, labor reform, and child labor reform.