Definition
Shelf registration or shelf offering is a type of public offering where certain issuers are allowed to offer and sell securities to the public without a separate prospectus for each act of offering. Instead, there is a single prospectus for multiple, undefined future offerings. The prospectus (often as part of a registration statement) may be used to offer securities for up to several years after its publication .
Shelf Registration
Some of the securities in the prospectus can be "shelved," and sold later.
Application
A company can file a shelf registration statement with, for instance, a prospectus for 100,000,000 shares, $1,000,000,000 face value of bonds, $500,000,000 dollar face value of convertible bonds, $50,000,000 Series A warrants, and $50,000,000 Series B warrants. These five different classes or series of securities are offered in a single document. The company may offer to sell all of them, none of them, or any part of some class. It can sell 30,000,000 shares at one time and another 50,000,000 a year later. In that case, it will then have 20,000,000 unissued shares covered by the shelf prospectus.
Material Changes in Business
Before each offering and sale is actually made, the company must file a relatively short statement regarding material changes in its business and finances since the shelf prospectus was filed.
Regulation
Shelf registration is usually available to companies deemed reliable by the securities regulation authority in the relevant country. Shelf offerings, due to their purposefully time-constrained nature, are examined far less rigorously by those authorities, compared to standard public offerings.
Strategy
Shelf registration is a registration of a new issue which can be prepared up to two years in advance, so that the issue can be offered quickly as soon as funds are needed or market conditions are favorable. By using shelf registration, the firm can fulfill all registration-related procedures beforehand and go to market quickly when conditions become more favorable.
Firms often use universal shelf filings and choose between debt and equity offerings based on the prevailing relative market conditions.