instrumentality
(noun)
The quality or condition of serving a purpose, being useful.
Examples of instrumentality in the following topics:
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Expectancy Theory
- Vroom introduces three variables within his expectancy theory: valence (V), expectancy (E), and instrumentality (I).
- These three components of expectancy theory (expectancy, instrumentality, and valence) fit together in this fashion:
- Performance → Outcome (P→O): Instrumentality is the belief that a person will receive a desired outcome (O) if the performance expectation is met.
- Instrumentality is low when the outcome is the same for all possible levels of performance.
- Analyze Vroom's expectancy theory to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of motivating based upon expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
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Perspectives on Motivation
- Expectancy Theory is similarly derived, but it states this relationship through an equation: Motivation = Expectation (Σ Instrumentality × Valence).
- Instrumentality simply refers to the belief that a level of performance will result in a level of outcome; valence refers to the value of that outcome.
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Compensation and Competition
- One of the key instruments in attracting and keeping employees is creating an effective compensation package.
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Types of Innovation
- Financial innovation has brought many new financial instruments with pay-offs or values depending on the prices of stocks.
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The GLOBE Project
- They used qualitative methods to assist their development of quantitative instruments.
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Impression Management
- One is instrumental: we want to influence others and gain rewards.