Examples of Kawasaki disease in the following topics:
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- The immune system over-reaction to the antigen causes a group of diseases that manifest in fever and shock, such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and Kawasaki disease.
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- An acute disease is a short-lived disease, like the common cold.
- A refractory disease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question.
- A progressive disease is a disease whose typical natural course is the worsening of the disease until death, serious debility, or organ failure occurs.
- Slowly progressive diseases are also chronic diseases; many are also degenerative diseases.
- The opposite of progressive disease is stable disease or static disease: a medical condition that exists, but does not get better or worse.
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- Active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure (in response to actually contracting an infectious disease) or it may be acquired intentionally, via the administration of an antigen, commonly known as vaccination .
- Once your immune system has been trained to resist a disease, you are said to be immune to it.
- Certain infectious diseases, such as Smallpox, have been completely eradicated.
- By these vaccinated children not contracting these diseases, their parents, grandparents, friends and relatives (not vaccinated against these diseases themselves) will also be protected.
- Describe how active immunity to diseases can be acquired by natural exposure or by vaccination
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- Sporotrichosis (also known as "Rose gardener's disease") is caused by the infection of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii .
- This fungal disease usually affects the skin, although other rare forms can affect the lungs, joints, bones, and even the brain.
- Because roses can spread the disease, it is one of a few diseases referred to as rose-thorn or rose-gardeners' disease.
- Cutaneous or skin sporotrichosis: This is the most common form of the disease.
- Pulmonary sporotrichosis: This rare form of the disease occurs when S. schenckii spores are inhaled.
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- Koch's postulates are four criteria designed in the 1880's to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
- Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
- Koch applied the postulates to establish the etiology of anthrax and tuberculosis, but they have been generalized to other diseases.
- The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
- The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
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- An occurrence of disease greater than would be expected at a particular time and place is called an outbreak.
- Two linked cases of a rare infectious disease may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak.
- The epidemiology profession has developed a number of widely accepted steps when investigating disease outbreaks.
- As described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, these include the following:
- Behavioral risk related (e.g. sexually transmitted diseases, increased risk due to malnutrition)
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- Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease (vCJD) is a fatal neurological disorder which is caused by prions.
- Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, or CJD, is a degenerative neurological disorder (brain disease) that is incurable and invariably fatal.
- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases are caused by prions.
- Thus, the diseases are sometimes called prion diseases.
- Other prion diseases include Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Kuru in humans; as well as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as mad cow disease) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk and deer, and Scrapie in sheep.
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- Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease.
- Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.
- Three main sets of genes are suspected in many autoimmune diseases.
- A person's sex also seems to have some role in the development of autoimmunity, classifying most autoimmune diseases as sex-related diseases.
- Define autoimmunity and explain how it gives rise to autoimmune disease
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- In autoimmune heart diseases, the body's immune defense system mistakes its own cardiac antigens as foreign, and attacks them.
- Autoimmune heart diseases result when the body's own immune defense system mistakes cardiac antigens as foreign, and attacks them, leading to inflammation of the heart as a whole, or in parts.
- The most common form of autoimmune heart disease is rheumatic heart disease, or rheumatic fever.
- Aetiologically, autoimmune heart disease is most commonly seen in children with a history of sore throat caused by a streptococcal infection.
- Therapy will involve intensive cardiac care and immunosuppressives, including corticosteroids, which are helpful in the acute stage of the disease.
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- Epidemiology draws statistical inferences, mostly about causes of disease in populations based on available samples of it.
- Where descriptive epidemiology describes occurrence of disease (or of its determinants) within a population, the analytical epidemiology aims to gain knowledge on the quality and the amount of influence that determinants have on the occurrence of disease.
- Such a comparison starts from one or more hypotheses about how the determinant may influence occurrence of disease.
- Using the case control method, the epidemiologist can look for factors that might have preceded the disease.
- Often, this entails comparing a group of people who have the disease with a group that is similar in age, sex, socioeconomic status, and other variables, but does not have the disease.