lytic cycle

Examples of lytic cycle in the following topics:

• Virulent Bacteriophages and T4

  • T-4 bacteriophage is a virulent bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacteria; virulent bacteriophages have a lytic life cycle.
  • The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction, the other being the lysogenic cycle .
  • The lytic cycle is typically considered the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell.
  • The lytic cycle is a six-stage cycle.
  • Because it otherwise is characteristic of the lytic cycle in other steps, it still belongs to this category, although it is sometimes named the Productive Cycle.

• Bacterial Transduction

  • Transduction happens through either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle.
  • If the lysogenic cycle is adopted, the phage chromosome is integrated (by covalent bonds) into the bacterial chromosome, where it can remain dormant for thousands of generations.
  • If the lysogen is induced (by UV light for example), the phage genome is excised from the bacterial chromosome and initiates the lytic cycle, which culminates in lysis of the cell and the release of phage particles.
  • The lytic cycle leads to the production of new phage particles which are released by lysis of the host.
  • If bacteriophages undertake the lytic cycle of infection upon entering a bacterium, the virus will take control of the cell's machinery for use in replicating its own viral DNA.

• Plasmids and Lysogeny

  • The lysogenic cycle is key to ensure the transmittance of bacteriophage nucleic acids to host bacterium's genome.
  • Lysogenic cycles are utilized by specific types of viruses to ensure viral reproduction, but they also need the second major method of viral reproduction, the lytic cycle, as well.
  • The lytic cycle, considered the primary method of viral replication, results in the actual destruction of the infected cell.
  • The lytic cycle is characterized by the breakdown of the bacteria cell wall intracellularly.
  • Schematic of lysogenic and lytic cycle utilized by viruses to ensure viral reproduction.

• Other Diseases and Epstein-Barr Virus

  • An EBV infection can be described as being in one of two cycles; a lytic replicative cycle and a latency cycle .
  • The lytic cycle, or productive infection, results in the production of infectious virions.
  • Upon a primary infection, EBV enters the lytic replicative cycle where it infects blood cells.
  • It will remain dormant during the latent stage until it is reactivated into the lytic cycle.
  • Distinguish between the lytic replicative and latency cycle of the Epstein-Barr virus infection cycle and discuss the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infected humans

• Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus

  • Research using flow cytometry on another member of the herpes virus family, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, indicates the possibility of an additional lytic stage, delayed-late.
  • These stages of lytic infection, particularly late lytic, are distinct from the latency stage.
  • In the case of HSV-1, no protein products are detected during latency, whereas they are detected during the lytic cycle.

• Overview of Bacterial Viruses

  • Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle, and a few viruses are capable of carrying out both.
  • With lytic phages such as the T4 phage, bacterial cells are broken open (lysed) and destroyed after immediate replication of the virion.
  • In contrast, the lysogenic cycle does not result in immediate lysing of the host cell.
  • At this point they initiate the reproductive cycle, resulting in lysis of the host cell.
  • An example of a bacteriophage known to follow the lysogenic cycle and the lytic cycle is the phage lambda of E. coli.

• Temperate Bacteriophages: Lambda and P1

  • In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages to display a lysogenic life cycle.
  • A temperate phage is also able to undergo a productive, typically-lytic life cycle, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome, and produces phage progeny, which then leave the bacterium.
  • Alternatively, in its lytic phase, P1 can promote cell lysis during growth, resulting in host cell death.
  • In contrast, during lytic growth many new phage particles are assembled and released from the cell.
  • Usually, a "lytic cycle" ensues, where the lambda DNA is replicated many times and the genes for head, tail, and lysis proteins are expressed.

• Bacteriophage Lambda as a Cloning Vector

  • Usually, a "lytic cycle" ensues, where the lambda DNA is replicated many times and the genes for head, tail and lysis proteins are expressed.

• Single-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages

  • A number of exceptions to this life cycle are known.
  • Although the majority of species in this family have lytic life cycles, a few may have temperate life cycles.

• RNA Bacteriophages

  • It is a lytic phage, though under certain circumstances has been observed to display a delay in lysis that may be described as a "carrier state. "
  • RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) are critical components in the life cycle of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses.