carbohydrate

Examples of carbohydrate in the following topics:

• Carbohydrates: Sources, Uses in the Body, and Dietary Requirements

  • Carbohydrates, which break down to glucose, are a major source of energy for humans, but are not an essential nutrient.
  • Carbohydrates are a common source of energy in living organisms , however, a carbohydrate is not an essential nutrient in humans.
  • Carbohydrate and protein contain 4 kilocalories per gram, while fats contain 9 kilocalories per gram.
  • Organisms typically cannot metabolize all types of carbohydrate to yield energy.
  • Called "dietary fiber," these carbohydrates enhance digestion, among other benefits.

• Digestive Processes of the Small Intestine

  • The small intestine uses different enzymes and processes to digest proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
  • The three major classes of nutrients that undergo digestion are proteins, lipids (fats), and carbohydrates.
  • Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably starch) into oligosaccharides.
  • Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine, where they are digested by intestinal bacteria.
  • Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple glucose units.

• Pancreatic Juice

  • Pancreatic fluid contains digestive enzymes that help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.
  • These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.
  • Pancreatic fluid or juice contains digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine where they help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (fats) in the chyme.

• Metabolic Changes

  • Protein and carbohydrate metabolism are affected during pregnancy and maternal insulin resistance can lead to gestational diabetes.
  • During pregnancy, both protein metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism are affected.

• Chemical Digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

• Absorption of Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, Dipeptides, Tripeptides, Lipids, Electrolytes, Vitamins, and Water

  • The three major classes of nutrients that undergo digestion are proteins, lipids (fats), and carbohydrates.
  • Some carbohydrates are degraded into simple sugars, or monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
  • Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably starch) into oligosaccharides.
  • Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine for further handling by intestinal bacteria.
  • Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, are not digested at all despite being made of multiple glucose units.

• Digestive Processes of the Large Intestine

  • Without gut flora, the human body would be unable to utilize some of the undigested carbohydrates it consumes; some types of gut flora have enzymes that human cells lack for breaking down certain polysaccharides.
  • Carbohydrates requiring bacterial assistance in digestion include:
  • Bacteria turn carbohydrates they ferment into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by a form of fermentation called saccharolytic fermentation.

• Absorption in the Small Intestine

  • Examples of nutrients absorbed by the small intestine include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, iron, vitamins, and water.
  • The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries (amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids).

• Pancreas

  • These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.
  • These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) in the chyme.

• Blood Supply to the Liver

  • Here, carbohydrates and amino acids can be stored or used to make new proteins and carbohydrates.