Examples of fetal skin in the following topics:
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- The integumentary system is both a barrier and a sensory organ, and includes the skin (the largest bodily organ), as well as appendages, sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, nails and arrectores pillorum (tiny muscles at the root of each hair that cause goose bumps).
- Fetal skin forms from three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the skin structure.
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- At birth, the baby's lungs are filled with fetal lung fluid (which is not amniotic fluid) and are not inflated.
- The higher blood oxygen content of blood within the aorta stimulates the constriction and ultimately the closure of this fetal circulatory shunt.
- All of these cardiovascular system changes result in the adaptation from fetal circulation patterns to an adult circulation pattern.
- Inadequate glucose substrate can lead to hypoglycemia, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, or other problems.
- Physiologic mechanisms for preserving core temperature include vasoconstriction (a decrease of blood flow to the skin), maintaining the fetal position (a decrease of the surface area exposed to the environment), jittery large muscle activity (to generate muscular heat), and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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- Collagen, in the form of elongated fibrils, is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and skin and is also abundant in cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the gut, and intervertebral discs.
- Elastic fibers are found in the skin, lungs, arteries, veins, connective tissue proper, elastic cartilage, periodontal ligament, fetal tissue, and other structures.
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- At the end of the 10th week of gestation, the fetal period begins.
- Week 13: The fetus begins to get its nourishment from the placenta and the veins and organs are visible through the skin.
- Weeks 15 to 16: The heart pumps out 25 quarts of blood a day and the fetal structures are looking more normal.
- Its skin is starting to grow a protective, wax-like layer and tiny air spaces begin to form in the lungs and the vocal cords.
- Outline the progression of fetal development from 11 weeks to 40 weeks
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- Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when IgG produced by the mother transfers through the placenta and attacks fetal red blood cells.
- Among these antibodies are some which attack the red blood cells in the fetal circulation.
- This disease ranges from mild to very severe, and fetal death from heart failure (hydrops fetalis) can occur.
- When the disease is moderate or severe, many erythroblasts are present in the fetal blood; hence the name erythroblastosis fetalis.
- After delivery, bilirubin is no longer cleared (via the placenta) from the neonate's blood and the symptoms of jaundice (yellowish skin and yellow discoloration of the whites of the eyes) increase within 24 hours after birth.
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- Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate uterine activity, abnormal fetal lie or presentation, absolute or relative cephalopelvic disproportion (head too large for birth canal), or (rarely) a massive fetal tumor such as a sacrococcygeal teratoma.
- Recognized complications of dystocia include fetal death, respiratory depression, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), and brachial nerve damage.
- The incision on the skin may be different from the one used internally.
- It is often referred to as the bikini cut, as the skin incision is typically below the bikini line just above the pubic hair.
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- The developing embryo undergoes tremendous growth and changes during the process of fetal development.
- Pigmentation of the linea alba (called linea nigra), which is darkening of the skin in a midline of the abdomen.
- During this trimester, fetal development can be divided into different stages.
- At the beginning of the fetal stage, the risk of miscarriage decreases sharply.
- All major structures, including the head, brain, hands, feet, and other organs have been formed by the fetal stage.
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- Fetal circulation includes the blood vessels within the placenta and the umbilical cord that carry fetal blood.
- Fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a human fetus, often encompassing the entire fetoplacental circulation that also includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood.
- The fetal circulation works differently from that of born humans, mainly because the lungs are not in use.
- The core concept behind fetal circulation is that fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin, which allows a diffusion of oxygen from the mother's circulatory system to the fetus.
- About half of this enters the fetal ductus venosus and is carried to the inferior vena cava, while the other half enters the liver proper from the inferior border of the liver.
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- Its development occurs during several phases, chiefly during the fetal and pubertal periods.
- The mons pubis separates into two folds of skin called the labia majora, literally "major (or large) lips."
- The color of the outside skin of the labia majora is usually close to the individual's overall skin color although there is considerable variation.
- The inside skin and mucus membrane are often pink or brownish.
- The labia minora are two soft folds of skin within the labia majora.
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- The balance of body fluids that are crucial for good health begins during fetal development.
- Fetal development affects an individual's health in later life.
- Given that, it is imperative that the in uterine environment be optimal for proper fetal development.
- In utero behavioral changes, such as fetal swallowing, have been suggested to be functional early in development in response to dipsogens.
- Since diseases, such as hypertension, can be traced to fetal origin, it is important to understand the development of fetal regulatory mechanisms for body fluid homeostasis in this early stage of life.