general adaptation syndrome

Examples of general adaptation syndrome in the following topics:

• The Resistance Reaction

  • Resistance is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, where the body has an increased capacity to respond to the stressor.
  • Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
  • Resistance reaction is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome and is characterized by a heightened resistance to a stressor.

• Exhaustion

  • Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
  • Exhaustion is the third and final stage in the general adaptation syndrome model.

• The Fight-or-Flight Response

  • His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing.
  • This response was later recognized as the first stage of a general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms.

• Down Syndrome

  • Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
  • In general, this leads to an over expression of the genes.
  • This is the cause of 1–2% of the observed Down syndromes.
  • Translocation Down syndrome is often referred to as familial Down syndrome.
  • Many standard prenatal screens can discover Down syndrome.

• Sjögren's Syndrome

  • Sjögren's syndrome, also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome," is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
  • The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome are dry eyes and dry mouth.
  • Sjögren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right, as primary Sjögren's syndrome, or may develop years after the onset of another autoimmune rheumatic disorder, as secondary Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Producing less than five millimeters of liquid is usually indicative of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Instead, treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive.

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • The nephrotic syndrome usually results in the excretion of about 3.0 to 3.5 grams per 24 hours.
  • By contrast, in nephritic syndrome RBCs pass through the pores, causing hematuria.
  • It is characterized by proteinuria (>3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema (which is generalized and also known as anasarca or dropsy).
  • Nephrotic syndrome is often classified histologically.
  • The prognosis depends on the cause of nephrotic syndrome.

• Medulla Injury

  • Lateral medullary syndrome, also called Wallenberg syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, is a disease that presents with a constellation of neurologic symptoms due to injury to the lateral part of the medulla in the brain, resulting in tissue ischemia and necrosis, typically from blood clot (stroke) impeding the vertebral artery and/or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery .
  • This crossed finding is diagnostic for the syndrome.
  • Treatment for lateral medullary syndrome involves focusing on relief of symptoms and active rehabilitation to help those suffering from the syndrome recover their activities of daily living and cope with neurologic loss that can be psychologically devastating.
  • One of the most unique and difficult to treat symptoms that occur due to Wallenberg syndrome are interminable, violent hiccups.
  • Long term treatment generally involves the use of antiplatelets like aspirin or clopidogrel and statin regimen for the rest of their lives in order to minimize the risk of another stroke.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is an entrapment median neuropathy of the median nerve due to its compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel.
  • Pain in carpal tunnel syndrome is primarily numbness that is so intense that it wakes one from sleep.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome can be associated with any condition that causes pressure on the median nerve at the wrist.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is also associated with repetitive activities of the hand and wrist, in particular with a combination of forceful and repetitive activities.
  • Non-traumatic causes generally happen over a period of time, and are not triggered by one certain event.

• Impingement Syndrome

  • Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed.
  • Shoulder impingement syndrome, also called painful arc syndrome, supraspinatus syndrome, swimmer's shoulder, and thrower's shoulder, is a clinical syndrome that occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion.
  • Anything that causes further narrowing of this space can result in impingement syndrome.
  • Impingement syndrome can usually be diagnosed by history and physical exam.
  • The total number of injections is generally limited to three due to possible side effects from the corticosteroid.

• Adjustments of the Infant at Birth

  • Post birth, an infant's physiology must adapt to breathing independently, changes in blood flow and energy access, and a cold environment.
  • All of these cardiovascular system changes result in the adaptation from fetal circulation patterns to an adult circulation pattern.
  • Potential neonatal respiratory problems include apnea, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), airway obstruction, and pneumonia.
  • Physiologic mechanisms for preserving core temperature include vasoconstriction (decrease blood flow to the skin), maintaining the fetal position (decrease the surface area exposed to the environment), jittery large muscle activity (generate muscular heat), and non-shivering thermogenesis.
  • Brown fat is specialized adipose tissue with a high concentration of mitochondria designed to rapidly oxidize fatty acids in order to generate metabolic heat.