self-terminating

Examples of self-terminating in the following topics:

• Serial and Parallel Processing

  • Self-terminating implies that comparisons stop abruptly as soon as the target is found, and then the response is generated.
  • If the reaction time slope for a positive trial (where the target was present in the memory set) is about half of the slope for a negative trial (where the target was not present in the memory set), this demonstrates self-terminating processing .
  • Participants may process some serial memory sets using the self-terminating method and others with the exhaustive method.
  • This line graph depicts both positive and negative self-terminating search, comparing length of list to mean reaction time recall.

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • The fibers originate in the sympathetic ganglia of T-5 to L-2 and terminate mainly on the enteric plexuses, but also a few nerves terminate in the mucosa it self.

• WBC Formation

  • HSCs are self-renewing.
  • The daughters are the myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells, which cannot self renew but differentiate into various myeloid leukocytes and lymphocytes respectively.
  • Following this split in differentiation, the subtypes undergo eventual differentiation into terminally-differentiated leukocytes, which typically do not divide independently.

• Lymphocytes

  • Suppressor T cells (T-reg cells)- T cells that kept some of their ability to bind to self-cells.
  • While in the bone marrow, B cells are sorted through positive and negative selection in  a manner similar but different from T cell maturation in the thymus, with the same process of killing B cells that are either nonreactive to antigens or reactive to self antigens.
  • They do not have the ability to proliferate, and are considered to be terminally differentiated.

• Aging and the Immune System

  • Some of the age-dependent biological changes that contribute to the onset of immunosenescence are listed below: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which provide the regulated lifelong supply of leukocyte progenitors that are in turn able to differentiate into a diversity of specialized immune cells (including lymphocytes, antigen-presenting dendritic cells and phagocytes) diminish in their self-renewal capacity.
  • This is due to the accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA by aging and cellular metabolic activity and the shortening of telomeric terminals of chromosomes.

• Development of the Respiratory System

  • Lung development can be divided into distinct stages: the pseudoglandular period, the canalicular period, and the terminal saccular period.
  • The canalicular period spans weeks 16 to 26 and during this time the lumens of the bronchi enlarge, lung tissue becomes highly vascularized, and respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts develop from the terminal bronchioles.
  • The terminal saccular period spans from week 26 to birth.
  • This surfactant is important in reducing the surface tension at the air-alveolar surface, allowing expansion of the terminal saccules.
  • Lastly, the alveolar period spans from birth to eight years of age and during this stage the terminal saccules, alveolar ducts, and alveoli increase in number.

• Peripheral Motor Endings

  • A neuromuscular junction exists between the axon terminal and the motor end plate of a muscle fiber where neurotransmitters are released.
  • A neuromuscular junction is the synapse or junction of the axon terminal of a motor neuron with the motor end plate, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • Upon the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic neuron terminal, voltage-dependent calcium channels open and Ca2+ ions flow from the extracellular fluid into the presynaptic neuron's cytosol.
  • T is the axon terminal and M is the muscle fiber.
  • Detailed view of a neuromuscular junction: (1) Presynaptic terminal; (2) Sarcolemma; (3) Synaptic vesicle; (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; (5) Mitochondrion.

• Postsynaptic Potentials and Their Integration at the Synapse

  • Postsynaptic potentials are excitatory or inhibitory changes in the graded membrane potential in the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse.
  • Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse.
  • The neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic terminal resulting in an opening of ion channels.

• Mechanisms of Chemical Digestion

  • Both the parotid and pancreatic amylases hydrolyse the 1:4 link, but not the terminal 1:4 links or the 1:6 links.
  • The endopeptidases cleave the polypeptide at the interior peptide bonds, while the exopeptidases cleave the terminal amino acid.
  • Exopeptidases are further subclassified into aminopeptidases - which cleave off the terminal amino acid at the amine end of the chain, and carboxypeptidases which cleave off the terminal amino acid at the carboxyl end of the chain.
  • Both the parotid and pancreatic amylases hydrolyse the 1:4 link, but not the terminal 1:4 links or the 1:6 links.

• Bronchi and Subdivisions

  • A bronchus is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs and divides into terminal bronchioles.
  • The segmental bronchi divide into many primary bronchioles that divide into terminal bronchioles.
  • Each terminal bronchiole then gives rise to several respiratory bronchioles, which go on to divide into two to 11 alveolar ducts.
  • There are also small plates and islands of hyaline cartilage in the primary and terminal bronchioles.