Examples of thyroid in the following topics:
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- Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- The thyroid hormones
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are produced from thyroid follicular cells within the thyroid gland, a process regulated by the thyroid-stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
- If there is a deficiency of dietary iodine, the thyroid will not be able to make thyroid hormone.
- A lack of thyroid hormone will lead to decreased negative feedback on the pituitary, which in turn, will lead to increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone, which causes the thyroid to enlarge (goiter).
- This enlarged endemic colloid goiter has the effect of increasing the thyroid's ability to trap more iodide, compensating for the iodine deficiency and allowing it to produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormone.
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- The production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that is released from the anterior pituitary.
- Thyroid hormones also provide negative feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland.
- When thyroid levels in the blood are elevated TSH and TRH production is reduced.
- Thyroid hormones are produced from the thyroid under the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, which is itself under the control of thyroptropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by the hypothalamus.
- Thyroid hormones provide negative feedback, inhibiting secretion of TRH and TSH when blood levels are high.
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- Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism (abnormally increased activity), hypothyroidism (abnormally decreased activity), and thyroid nodules, which are generally benign thyroid neoplasms, but may be thyroid cancers.
- Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, is the overproduction of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 .
- Hypothyroid disorders may occur as a result of congenital thyroid abnormalities, autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine deficiency (more likely in poorer countries), or the removal of the thyroid following surgery to treat severe hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.
- Negative feedback mechanisms result in growth of the thyroid gland when thyroid hormones are being produced in sufficiently low quantities as a means of increasing the thyroid output.
- Differentiate among the types of thyroid gland disorders: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules
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- The primary function of the thyroid is to produce the hormones triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.
- Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are enzymes produced by the thyroid gland.
- The main activity of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 is to boost the basal metabolic rates of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates as well as vitamins.
- Thyroid hormones affect the dilation of blood vessels, which in turn affects the rate at which heat can escape the body.
- A person who suffers from hyperthyroidism (an over-active thyroid) will experience a fever; conversely, a person who suffers from hypothyroidism (a less active thyroid) will experience a decrease in body temperature.
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- In vertebrates, the thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands.
- It is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage that forms the laryngeal prominence, or Adam's apple.
- The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.
- The hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary, which itself is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus .
- Thyroid function is regulated by the actions of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
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- The thyroid gland is the primary endocrine gland involved in development.
- The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body.
- Normally, thyroid hormones act via a negative feedback loop on the pituitary to decrease stimulation of the thyroid.
- Unfortunately thyroid conditions require lifelong treatment and because of the body's need for a sensitive balance of thyroid hormone both supplementing and suppressing thyroid function can take months or even years to regulate.
- Thyroid gland 4.
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- A key example of a negative feedback system is the regulation of the thyroid hormone thyroxine, which regulates numerous key metabolic processes.
- Briefly, neurons in the hypothalamus secrete thyroid-releasing hormone that stimulate cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone.
- The thyroid-stimulating hormone then stimulates the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland.
- When the blood concentration of thyroxine rises above the ideal value as detected by sensory neurons, the hypothalamus is signaled to stop thyroid-releasing hormone production, which eventually lowers the levels of thyroxine in the blood.
- When these drop below the ideal value the hypothalamus is signaled to begin secreting thyroid-releasing hormone again.
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- The hyoid, a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior of the neck, between chin and thyroid, aids tongue movement and swallowing.
- Located anteriorly between the mandible and
the thyroid cartilage, the hyoid bone protects the
esophagus and also facilitates the wide range of muscle activity required for
speaking and swallowing.
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- Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, which are usually located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, or, in rare cases, within the thyroid gland itself or in the chest.
- The parathyroid gland in relation to the thyroid gland.
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- Its regulatory functions are achieved through the secretion of various peptide hormones that act on target organs including the adrenal gland, liver, bone, thyroid gland, and gonads.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein hormone that affects the thyroid gland and the secretion of thyroid hormones.