Examples of vestibular system in the following topics:
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- Critical periods have been identified for the development of the hearing and vestibular system.
- Critical periods have been identified for the development of hearing and the vestibular system.
- In our vestibular system, neurons are undeveloped at neuronal birth and mature during the critical period of the first two to three postnatal weeks.
- Animals with abnormal vestibular development tend to have irregular motor skills.
- Many studies have supported a correlation between the type of auditory stimuli present in the early postnatal environment and the topographical and structural development of the auditory system.
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- The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear.
- The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs.
- The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle.
- A benign
primary intracranial tumor of vestibulocochlear nerve is called a
vestibular schwannoma (also called acoustic neuroma).
- An illustration of the inner ear showing its semicircular canal, hair cells,
ampulla, cupula,
vestibular nerve, and fluid.
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- Ataxia is a nonspecific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
- The term vestibular ataxia is employed to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the vestibular system, which in acute and unilateral cases is associated with prominent vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
- Focal lesions - Any type of focal lesion of the central nervous system (such as stroke, brain tumur, multiple sclerosis) will cause the type of ataxia corresponding to the site of the lesion: cerebellar if in the cerebellum, sensory if in the dorsal spinal cord (and rarely in the thalamus or parietal lobe), vestibular if in the vestibular system (including the vestibular areas of the cerebral cortex).
- Exogenous substances - Exogenous substances that cause ataxia mainly do so because they have a depressant effect on central nervous system function.
- Ethanol is capable of causing reversible cerebellar and vestibular ataxia.
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- The cutaneous somatosensory system detects changes in
temperature.
- Multimodal perception is the ability of the mammalian
nervous system to combine all of the different inputs of the sensory system to
result in an enhanced detection or identification of a particular stimulus.
- The organ of equilibrioception is the vestibular labyrinthine system found in both of the inner ears.
- The vestibular nerve conducts information from sensory receptors in three ampulla, each of which sense fluid motion in three semicircular canals caused by a three-dimensional rotation of the head.
- Although the sense of time is not associated with a specific sensory system, psychological and neuro-scientific research indicates that human brains do have a system governing the perception of time.
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- Though small, it is an extremely important part of the brain, as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from the main part of the brain
that communicate
with the peripheral nervous system pass through the brainstem.
- It regulates the central nervous system (CNS) and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle.
- In addition, upper motor neurons originate in the brain stem's vestibular, red, tectal, and reticular nuclei, which also descend and synapse in the spinal cord.
- The brainstem also has integrative functions, including cardiovascular system control, respiratory control, pain sensitivity control, alertness, awareness, and consciousness.
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- Its primary connections are with the vestibular nuclei, although it also receives visual and other sensory input.
- It receives proprioception input from the dorsal columns of the spinal cord (including the spinocerebellar tract) and from the trigeminal nerve, as well as from visual and auditory systems.
- It sends fibers to deep cerebellar nuclei that in turn project to both the cerebral cortex and the brain stem, thus providing modulation of descending motor systems.
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- The reticular formation also relays eye and ear signals to the cerebellum so that visual, auditory, and vestibular stimuli can be integrated in motor coordination.
- Reticular formation nuclei that modulate activity of the cerebral cortex are part of the reticular activating system.
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- The emission phase of the ejaculatory reflex is under
control of the sympathetic nervous system, while the ejaculatory phase is under the control of a spinal reflex at the level of spinal nerves S2 to S4 via the pudendal nerve.
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- The alar plate produces sensory neuroblasts, which will give rise to the solitary nucleus and its special visceral afferent column, the cochlear and vestibular nuclei (which form the special somatic afferent fibers of the vestibulocochlear nerve), the spinal and principal trigeminal nerve nuclei (which form the general somatic afferent column of the trigeminal nerve), and the pontine nuclei, which is involved in motor activity.
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- These folds
are false vocal folds (vestibular folds) and true vocal folds (folds).