New Deal

(noun)

The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

Related Terms

Examples of New Deal in the following topics:

  • The New Deal

    • Before the New Deal, deposits at banks were not insured against loss.
    • Many historians distinguish between a First New Deal (1933–34) and a Second New Deal (1935–38).
    • The Second New Deal was begun in the spring of 1935 .
    • The other major innovations of New Deal legislation were the creation of the U.S.
    • The New Deal produced a political realignment.

  • The Great Depression and the New Deal

    • The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression.
    • The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936.
    • Many historians distinguish a "First New Deal" (1933–34) and a "Second New Deal" (1935–38), with the second one being more liberal and more controversial.
    • Eisenhower (1953–61) left the New Deal largely intact, even expanding it in some areas.
    • The New Deal regulation of banking (Glass–Steagall Act) was suspended in the 1990s.

  • Governmental Interest Groups

    • At other times local governments may advocate for increased direct decision making powers, and control over new policy areas.
    • The practice of local governments lobbying the federal government started with the New Deal during which an attempt was made to organize the distribution of funds and programs during that period.
    • Again, the support they seek might be direct finding through aid, but might also involve economic arrangements such as trade deals including free trade arrangements or reduction of US tariffs.
    • These women are learning new skills in a Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) program in Pennsylvania during the Great Depression.
    • FERA was part of the New Deal federal funding to state and local governments.

  • Foundations of the Welfare State

    • Entitlement programs in the U.S. were virtually non-existent until the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the implementation of the New Deal programs in response to the Great Depression.
    • Top left: The Tennessee Valley Authority, part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933.Top right: FDR (President Franklin Delano Roosevelt) was responsible for the New Deal.Bottom: A public mural from one of the artists employed by the New Deal's WPA program.

  • Federal Mandates

    • Federal Mandates are used to implement activities to state and local governments since the post-New Deal era.
    • Certain changes in large entitlement programs refers to instances when new conditions or reductions in large entitlement programs, providing $500 million or more annually to state or local governments, are imposed by the federal government.
    • The period between the New Deal era and the mid-1980s witnessed a court that generally utilized an expansive interpretation of the interstate commerce clause and the Fourteenth Amendment to validate the growth of the federal government's involvement in domestic policymaking.

  • The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government

    • The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government

  • The Two-Party System

    • The Fifth Party System emerged with the New Deal Coalition beginning in 1933.
    • Roosevelt and the activist New Deal.
    • Experts debate whether this era ended in the mid-1960s when the New Deal coalition did, the early 1980s when the Moral Majority and the Reagan coalition were formed, the mid-1990s during the Republican Revolution, or continues to the present.
    • Multi-party governments tend to permit wider and more diverse viewpoints in government and encourage dominant parties to make deals with weaker parties to form winning coalitions.
    • Multi-party governments permit wider and more diverse viewpoints in government, and encourage dominant parties to make deals with weaker parties to form winning coalitions.

  • Policy Implementation

    • When no existing agency has the capabilities to carry out a given policy, new agencies must be established and staffed.
    • Roosevelt under the New Deal.
    • In addition to the aforementioned elements, policy implementation can further be complicated when policies are passed down to agencies without a great deal of direction.
    • The above issues with policy implementation have led some scholars to conclude that new policy initiatives will either fail to get off the ground or will take considerable time to be enacted.

  • The Devolution Revolution

    • The term "devolution revolution" came from the Reagan ideology and is associated with New Federalism.
    • New Federalism, which is characterized by a gradual return of power to the states, was initiated by President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) with his "devolution revolution" in the early 1980s, and lasted until 2001.
    • The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power that they lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
    • New Federalism is sometimes called "states' rights," which is a theory in U.S. politics that refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government.
    • Describe the set of practices that together comprised the "devolution revolution" associated with the New Federalism

  • New Federalism and State Control

    • New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.
    • Unlike the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, the primary objective of New Federalism is some restoration of autonomy and power that the states lost as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.
    • Advocates of this approach sometimes cite a quotation from a dissent by Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v.
    • Brandeis' opinion in New Ice Co. set the stage for new federalism.
    • Discuss how the Supreme Court's understanding of the Commerce Clause shaped the New Federalism