Open-Ended Question

Examples of Open-Ended Question in the following topics:

• Conducting Polls

  • A distinction is made between open-ended and closed-ended questions.
  • An open-ended question asks the respondent to formulate his or her own answer; a closed-ended question asks the respondent to pick an answer from a given number of options.
  • A respondent's answer to an open-ended question can be coded into a response scale or analyzed using more qualitative methods.
  • The types of questions (closed, multiple-choice, open) should fit the statistical data analysis techniques available and the goals of the poll.
  • Prior previous questions may bias later questions.

• Constructing Public Opinion Surveys

  • A distinction is made between open-ended and closed-ended questions.
  • An open-ended question asks the respondent to formulate his or her own answer, while closed-ended questions have the respondent choose an answer from a given number of options.
  • The four types of response scales for closed-ended questions are:
  • A respondent's answer to an open-ended question can be coded into a response scale afterwards or analyzed using more qualitative methods.
  • Question design: Survey question answer-choices could lead to vague data sets because, at times, they are relative only to a personal abstract notion concerning "strength of choice".

• Telephone and Internet Polling

  • Questions with long lists of answer choices can be used to provide immediate coding of answers to certain questions that are usually asked in an open-ended fashion in paper questionnaires.
  • However, such approaches are faced with problems of dramatically higher costs and questionable effectiveness.
  • In addition to refusing participation, terminating surveying during the process, or not answering certain questions, several other non-response patterns can be observed in online surveys, such as lurking respondents and a combination of partial and item non-response.
  • The use of design features should be limited to the extent necessary for respondents to understand questions or to stimulate the response.
  • Interviewers encourage sample persons to respond, leading to higher response rates and interviewers may increase comprehension of questions by answering respondents' questions.

• The National Election Studies

  • The consistency of the studies, which includes asking the same questions repeatedly over time, makes it very useful for academic research.
  • In 2006, it opened the ANES Online Commons, becoming the first large-scale academic survey to allow interested scholars and survey professionals to propose questions for future ANES surveys.

• Inherent Powers

  • The question of presidential power is complicated by a key omission in certain Constitutional sentences' language.
  • Supporters of the unitary executive theory argue that this means that the president's power, particularly the inherent power that come with being commander in chief, are open ended and cannot be checked by the other two branches.

• Sunshine Laws

  • The Sunshine Laws enforce the principle of liberal democracy that governments are typically bound by a duty to publish and promote openness.
  • Also variously referred to as open records, or sunshine laws in the United States, governments are also typically bound by a duty to publish and promote openness.
  • This has also brought into question just how one can verify that they have been given complete records in response to a request.

• LGBTQ Civil Rights

  • Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) people have attained many civil protections, but are still subject to discrimination.
  • Despite the long history of non-heterosexual sexual practices and non-conforming gender roles, the concept of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) rights did not become widely used until the second half of the twentieth century.
  • Notably, in the past decade many states have legalized same-sex marriages and civil unions, the federal government overturned a ban on open LGBTQ military service members known as Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT), and most states have passed anti-discrimination laws that prevent discrimination in housing, employment, and education on the basis of sexual orientation.

• The Power of Incumbency

  • A race without an incumbent is referred to as an open seat because of the lack of incumbency advantage and they are the most contested races in an election.
  • When newcomers vie to fill an open office, voters tend to compare and contrast the candidates' qualifications, positions on issues and personal characteristics in a relatively straightforward way.
  • An election (especially for a legislature) in which no incumbent is running is often called an open seat; because of the lack of incumbency advantage, these are often amongst the most hotly contested races in any election.
  • It allows the voters to register their discontent with sitting government officials, particularly when protesting against certain actions taken by the government or the elected officials in question.

• Journalistic Standards

  • Harm limitation addresses the question of whether all information gathered should be reported, and if so, how.
  • News writing attempts to answer every basic question about a particular event-- who, what, when, where, why and often how-- at the opening of the article.

• Regulating Congressional Lobbyists

  • Disclosure in one sense allows lobbyists and public officials to justify their actions under the banner of openness and with full compliance of the law.
  • One report described bundlers as "supporters who contribute their own money to a campaign and solicit it from others. " There was a question whether such persons were really lobbyists involved with raising campaign monies for the election of Barack Obama, and whether Obama had broken his own pledge not to receive money from lobbyists.