Examples of Ways and Means in the following topics:
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- Congress divides its legislative, oversight, and internal administrative tasks among approximately 200 committees and subcommittees.
- Within assigned areas, these functional subunits gather information, compare and evaluate legislative alternatives, identify policy problems and propose solutions, select, determine, and report measures for full chamber consideration, monitor executive branch performance and investigate allegations of wrongdoing.
- The Committee on Ways and Means followed on July 24, 1789 during a debate on the creation of the Treasury Department over concerns of giving the new department too much authority over revenue proposals.
- This first Committee on Ways and Means had 11 members and existed for just two months.
- The Ways and Means Committee has been an important committee in the U.S. since 1789
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- Providing services helps members of Congress win votes and elections and can make a difference in close races.
- Committees investigate specialized subjects and advise the entire Congress about choices and trade-offs.
- Some committees specialize in running the business of other committees and exert a powerful influence over all legislation; for example, the House Ways and Means Committee have considerable influence over House affairs.
- One way to categorize lawmakers, according to political scientist Richard Fenno, is by their general motivation:
- gridlock, unless Congress can begin to work together through compromise, each member will be removed, by one means or another (i.e., by CPA).
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- Access is important and often means a one-on-one meeting with a legislator.
- Access is important and often means a one-on-one meeting with a legislator .
- Getting access can sometimes be difficult, but there are various means one can try: email, personal letters, phone calls, face-to-face meetings, meals, get-togethers, and even chasing after congresspersons in the Capitol building.
- When getting access is difficult, there are ways to wear down the walls surrounding a legislator.
- One of the ways in which lobbyists gain access is through assisting congresspersons with campaign finance by arranging fundraisers, assembling PACs, and seeking donations from other clients.
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- The formal amendment process is one of two major ways to amend the constitution.
- Informal amendments mean that the Constitution does not specifically list these processes as forms of amending the Constitution, but because of change in society or judicial review changed the rule of law de facto.
- However, formal recognition of the right of poor whites and black males, and later of women, was only fully secured in the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) and the Nineteenth Amendment (1920).
- This means that they evaluate whether a law is or is not in agreement with the Constitution and its intent.
- Describe the ways of "informally" amending the Constitution, such as societal change and judicial review.
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- Variation four, $D \rightarrow X + Y$ , refers to the act of defining a word in a certain way.
- "When I use this word", he or she is warning us, "this is what I mean, no more, no less. " Of course the person creating the definition may hope that if people find the definition useful it will catch on and pass into general usage.
- It is especially visible and important in labor management relations.
- The other option is to borrow an already existing word whose general meaning is close to your new definition, and announce that when you use this word, this is what you mean.
- Side effects are particularly important when one is defining sets of related words, since defining one of the related terms in a certain way may have side effects (and not necessarily helpful ones!
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- An example of how the indexing technique can be applied to separate the different meanings of words can be seen in the following analysis of "segregation" and "integration", surely two of the most contentious terms in today's political vocabulary.
- The basic distinction I have found that is relevant to sorting out "segregation" and "integration" is that between a way of acting and a state of of affairs or situation.
- Segregation2 is a way or basis of acting.
- An issue arises at this point as to means and ends and ultimate values.
- This is where integration3, a third possible meaning of the term, comes in.
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- Our basic expression for the elements of action and decision is not merely manipulatable.
- In the context of the transformations, the original expression also acquires a special meaning which is distinguishable from its role as a general model.
- Each of these six variations can be manipulated in exactly the same ways as the basic expressions, but we need
- Each of these six variations can be manipulated in exactly the same ways as the basic expressions, but we need not go into this here.
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- Since literal "one to one" translations are often impossible, or produce meaningless gibberish, choices must be made, and as with all choices the usual elements of decision and action—goals, side effects, circumstances—all come into play.
- The translator's goal may be to convey the meaning expressed by the words being translated as closely as possible.
- In this event he or she may have to decide which of several possible meanings of the words is the meaning for this purpose, and will also have to determine which alternative translations will best convey that meaning.
- The authenticity of the translation then becomes of secondary importance at best, and the principal issue becomes: what words, labeled as the results of translation, will be most likely to encourage the people who read them to act in the ways desired by the translator?
- It is interesting to watch the current efforts to "desex" references to God in the Bible and in Bible-derived materials like hymns.
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- Tax evasion is the term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means.
- Tax avoidance is the legal utilization of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.
- Tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, corporations, trusts and other entities to evade taxes by illegal means.
- Rather than W-2 wage earners and corporations, small business and sole proprietorship employees contribute to the tax gap, because there are few ways for the government to know about skimming or non-reporting of income without mounting more significant investigations.
- Describe the legal and illegal ways individuals and corporations avoid paying some or all taxes owed
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- A few factors are contributing to this trend, including the pressure in generating new and fresh content and the increasing power of conglomerates.
- This means around-the-clock coverage.
- Producers, on the other hand, have to find more ways to keep news stories "fresh" to viewers.
- The larger networks like ABC News , NBC News, and CBS News are able to afford these technologies and are beginning to buy out the smaller, local networks.
- The news block was divided into local, national and international stories.