empirical

Examples of empirical in the following topics:

• Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic Therapy

  • The study found that this could be used as a basis to make psychodynamic psychotherapy an "empirically validated" treatment.
  • The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team in particular cautions against following a psychodynamic approach in treating cases of schizophrenia due to its lack of empirical support.
  • A common critique of psychoanalysis is its lack of basis in empirical research and too much reliance on anecdotal evidence by way of case studies.

• Evaluating the Psychodynamic Approach to Personality

  • These objections raise issues with many of Freud's theories and methods including his singular focus on the structure of the human mind, his myopic view of human sexuality, his treatment using free association and transference, his reluctance to study children, and his utter lack of empirical evidence.
  • Scientists have brought two of these methods into question: his lack of research on children and his lack of empirical study of adults.

• Body-Oriented Psychotherapies

  • A review of body-oriented therapy research finds there is a small but growing empirical-evidence base about the outcomes of these approaches; however, it is weakened by the fragmentation of the field into different branches and schools.
  • As with many alternative therapies, body-oriented therapy is criticized for its lack of scientific validation and empirical evidence.

• History of Cognition

  • He also placed great importance on ensuring that his studies and ideas were based on empirical evidence (scientific information that is gathered through observation and careful experimentation).

• Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective on Personality

  • As with all early psychological studies, questions have been raised about the lack of empirical evidence used in research.

• The Brain and Personality

  • In 1951 Hans Eysenck's first empirical study into the genetics of personality was published.

• The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness

  • Health promotion must address all three factors, as a growing body of empirical literature suggests that it is the combination of health status, perceptions of health, and sociocultural barriers to accessing health care that influence the likelihood of a patient engaging in health-promoting behaviors, like taking medication, proper diet or nutrition, and engaging in physical activity.

• Maslow's Humanistic Theory of Personality

  • As with all early psychological studies, questions have been raised about the lack of empirical evidence used in his research.

• Early Frameworks: Structuralism and Functionalism

  • This approach is still used today in modern neuroscience research; however many scientists criticize the use of introspection for its lack of empirical approach and objectivity.

• Evaluation of Psychological Therapy Options

  • One criticism of most therapeutic approaches is that they lack empirical research, and rely on testimony and observation to demonstrate their effectiveness.