inhibition

Examples of inhibition in the following topics:

• Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

  • Some sufferers may use alcohol or other drugs to reduce fears and inhibitions at social events.
  • One of the most well-established risk factors for developing social anxiety disorder is behavioral inhibition (Clauss & Blackford, 2012).
  • Behavioral inhibition is thought to be an inherited trait, and it is characterized by a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations (Kagan, Reznick, & Snidman, 1988).
  • A recent statistical review of studies demonstrated that behavioral inhibition was associated with a greater-than sevenfold increase in the risk of development of social anxiety disorder, indicating that behavioral inhibition is a major risk factor for the disorder (Clauss & Blackford, 2012).

• The Fallibility of Memory

  • Proactive interference is when old information inhibits the ability to remember new information, such as when outdated scientific facts interfere with the ability to remember updated facts.
  • Retroactive interference is when new information inhibits the ability to remember old information, such as when hearing recent news figures, then trying to remember earlier facts and figures.

• Executive Function and Control

  • "Executive function" is an umbrella term for the management, regulation, and control of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, problem solving, social inhibition, planning, and execution.
  • But if this behavior conflicts with internal plans (such as a diet), the executive system might be engaged to inhibit that response.
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: associated with verbal and design fluency, set shifts, planning, response inhibition, working memory, organizational skills, reasoning, problem solving, and abstract thinking.
  • Anterior cingulate cortex: inhibition of inappropriate responses, decision making, and motivated behaviors.

• The Endocrine System and Hunger

  • When you are dehydrated, freezing, or exhausted, the appropriate biological responses are activated automatically: body fat reserves are utilized, urine production is inhibited, and blood is shunted away from the surface of the body.
  • Stretch receptors (mechanoreceptors that respond to an organ being stretched or distended) work to inhibit appetite when the GI tract becomes distended.
  • They send signals along the vagus nerve afferent pathway and ultimately inhibit the hunger centers of the hypothalamus.
  • They inhibit hunger by raising blood glucose levels, elevating blood levels of amino acids, and affecting blood concentrations of fatty acids.

• Transience and Encoding Failure

  • Proactive interference is when old information inhibits the ability to remember new information, such as preconceived notions, or changes in historical or scientific facts over time.
  • Retroactive interference is when new information inhibits the ability to remember old information, such as when hearing recent news figures, then trying to remember earlier facts and figures.

• Reactive Attachment Disorder

  • Previously in the DSM-IV-TR, RAD was divided into two different types: inhibited type took the form of a persistent failure to initiate or respond to most social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way, while disinhibited type presented itself as indiscriminate sociability, such as excessive familiarity with relative strangers.
  • In the recent revisions to the DSM-5 (2013), however, RAD was narrowed to encompass only the symptoms of the inhibited form, and a new diagnosis of disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) was created to encompass the symptoms previously known as RAD-disinhibited type.
  • exhibit emotionally withdrawn and inhibited behaviors in relation to their caregivers (for example, not seeking comfort when they are sad or upset);

• Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders

  • Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction.
  • Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy;
  • Specifically, various anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence have been associated with a temperament characterized by behavioral inhibition, including features of being shy, fearful, and withdrawn in new situations.
  • Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction.

• Depressants

  • Depressants inhibit the next neuron from sending impulses by binding to receptor molecules. 
  • Although the different classes of depressants work in unique ways, it is through their ability to increase GABA—and thereby inhibit brain activity—that they produce a drowsy or calming effect.

• Introduction to Sleep

  • Though scientists are still learning about the concept of basal sleep need (just how much sleep we need), research has demonstrated that sleeping too little can inhibit your productivity and your ability to remember and consolidate information.
  • Sleep deprivation has also been found to inhibit stress reactions, body functions such as digestion, the immune system, mood, sex, and energy usage, while also suppressing growth hormones.

• Arousal Theory of Motivation

  • ., the ability to withstand frustrating situations without getting upset), delay of gratification, and inhibition vs. impulsivity.
  • Likewise, someone who is very impulsive and uninhibited might be very motivated to go buy a car on a moment's notice, as compared with someone who is very inhibited and has difficulty taking action.