spatial concentration

Examples of spatial concentration in the following topics:

• Assimilation

  • Spatial concentration is defined by geography or residential patterns.
  • The spatial residential model states that increasing socioeconomic attainment, longer residence in the U.S, and higher generational status lead to decreasing residential concentration for a particular ethnic group.

• The Structure of Cities

  • The concentric ring model was postulated in 1924 by sociologist Ernest Burgess, based on his observations of Chicago .
  • Even in Chicago, the concentric rings were semi-circles, interrupted by Lake Michigan.
  • Urban structure can also refer to urban spatial structure; the arrangement of public and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility.
  • They are intended to attract business by concentrating dedicated infrastructure to reduce the per-business expenses.
  • The Concentric Ring Model described the city as a series of concentric rings, each home to a different group and social function.

• Sociological Perspectives on Urban Life

  • Furthermore, unlike many other metropolitan areas, Chicago did not expand outward at the edges as predicted by early expansionist theorists, but instead reformatted the space available in a concentric ring pattern.
  • Urban theorists suggested that these spatially-defined regions helped to solidify and isolate class relations within the modern city, moving the middle class away from the urban core and into the privatized environment of the outer suburbs.
  • Due to the high concentration of first-generation immigrant families in the inner city of Chicago during the early twentieth century, many prominent early studies in urban sociology focused around the effects of carrying culture roles and norms into new and developing environments.

• Urban Decline

  • Overpopulation in very small spatial areas became a serious issue.
  • Today, they are associated with a high concentration of poverty, unemployment, abandoned buildings and noticeable isolation.

• Aging in the US

  • There are concentrations of the elderly in the Midwest and in the South, particularly in Florida.
  • While the high concentration of the elderly in Florida may not come as much of a surprise to most Americans who are aware of the high rate at which people who retire move to Florida, the high concentration of the elderly in the Midwest may be more surprising.
  • This higher concentration is not because the elderly are moving to the Midwest but rather because the young are moving out of the Midwest as they search for jobs.
  • Thus, the two regions with the highest concentrations of the elderly in the US have high concentrations of elderly people for very different reasons.

• The Graying of America

  • The graying of America has contributed to the higher concentration of the elderly in certain areas of the United States.
  • There are higher concentrations of the elderly in the Midwest and in the South, particularly in Florida.
  • The high concentration of elderly in Florida is partially attributable to the fact that many retirees move to Florida for the good weather.
  • Instead, the high concentration of elderly people in the Midwest is due to the fact that the young are moving out of there.

• Populations, samples, and boundaries

  • We might draw observations by contacting all of the people who are found in a bounded spatial area, or who meet some criterion (having gross family incomes over $1,000,000 per year).

• Three Demographic Variables

  • It encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.

• Hypotheses about similarity and distance

  • The two measures (Moran's I and Geary's C) are adapted for social network analysis from their origins in geography, where they were developed to measure the extent to which the similarity of the geographical features of any two places was related to the spatial distance between them.
  • The Moran "I" statistic of autocorrelation (originally developed to measure spatial autocorrelation, but used here to measure network autocorrelation) ranges from -1.0 (perfect negative correlation) through 0 (no correlation) to +1.0 (perfect positive correlation).

• Segregation

  • Segregation often involves spatial separation of races and/or mandatory use of institutions, such as schools and hospitals, by people of different races—an exception being allowing for close contact in hierarchical situations, i.e., a person of one race working as a servant for a person of another race.