buffer state

Examples of buffer state in the following topics:

• Georgia

  • The Georgia Colony would act as a "buffer state" (border) or "garrison province" that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from Spanish Florida.

• Settling the Southern Colonies

  • The 1732 charter created Georgia as a buffer state to protect the prosperous South Carolina from Spanish Florida, and required that debtors be shipped to free space in English jails.

• Japanese Incursions into China

  • Japan saw the northern part of China, Manchuria, as a limitless supply of raw materials, a market for manufactured goods (Japan was now excluded from many Western countries by the depression era tariffs), and as a protective buffer state against the Soviet Union in Siberia.
  • This invasion led to the occupation of Manchuria, in which Japan established the puppet state of Manchukuo.
  • From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany, the Soviet Union (1937–1940), and the United States.

• The War's Aftermath

  • The War of 1812 was a 32-month military conflict between the United States and the British Empire and their allies which resulted in no territorial change, but a resolution of many issues remaining from the American War of Independence.
  • The terms called for all occupied territory to be returned, the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States to be restored, and the Americans to gain fishing rights in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
  • Because of the era's slow communications, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States; the Battle of New Orleans was fought after it was signed in a neutral territory (the city of Ghent).
  • Results of the war between Britain and the United States involved no geographical changes and no major policy changes.
  • American fears of the Indians ended, as did British plans to create a buffer Indian state.

• The Treaty of Ghent

  • The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain.
  • After the disintegration of the American Indian confederacy under Tecumseh, the British proposal to create an American Indian buffer zone in Ohio and Michigan collapsed.
  • The United States protested that Britain's failure to return the slaves violated the Treaty of Ghent.
  • The war between Britain and the United States resulted in no geographical changes and no major policy changes.
  • The United States' fears of the American Indians ended, as did British plans to create a buffer American Indian state.

• The Cold War Begins

  • The United States and Soviet Union eventually emerged as the two major superpowers after World War II.
  • In contrast, the United States promoted the ideologies of liberal democracy and the free market.
  • Most of Europe became aligned with either the United States or the Soviet Union.
  • The plan also stated that European prosperity was contingent upon German economic recovery.
  • He had built up the Eastern Bloc protective belt of Soviet controlled nations on his Western border, and wanted to maintain this buffer zone of states and a weakened Germany under Soviet control.

• The "Arsenal of Democracy"

  • Roosevelt promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting.
  • Roosevelt refuted the idea that America was safe because the Atlantic ocean provided a buffer from the Nazis, stating that modern technology had effectively reduced the distance across that ocean.
  • While not explicitly pledging to stay out of the war, he stated that "our national policy is not directed toward war," and argued that helping Britain now would save Americans from having to fight.
  • It marked the decline of the isolationist and non-interventionist doctrine that had dominated interwar U.S. foreign policy since the United States' involvement in World War I.
  • After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941—less than a year after the Arsenal of Democracy address—the United States entered the war.

• The Mood in America

  • The Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles, which automatically rejected the United States' membership in the League of Nations.
  • Stimson, United States Secretary of State in the Hoover Administration (1929–1933), it applied the principle of non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force (ex injuria jus non oritur).
  • Under-Secretary of State Sumner Welles in a declaration of July 23, 1940, that announced non-recognition of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of the three Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—and remained the official U.S. position until the Baltic states regained independence in 1991.
  • Roosevelt refuted the idea that America was safe because the Atlantic ocean provided a buffer from the Nazis, stating that modern technology had effectively reduced the distance across that ocean.
  • In 1941, the actions of the Roosevelt administration made it more and more clear that the United States was on a course to war.

• The Armistice

  • An armistice ceasefire in 1953 ended fighting in Korea and established a buffer zone between North and South Korea, but tensions remain.
  • The 38th parallel north—which divides the Korean Peninsula roughly in half—was the original boundary between the United States and Soviet Union's brief administration areas of Korea at the end of World War II.
  • Both the North and the South remained dependent on their sponsor states from 1948 to the outbreak of the Korean War.
  • It was agreed that a buffer zone, called the Korean demilitarized zone (DMZ) would be built between North and South Korea, running from the north-east of the 38th parallel to the south-west.
  • No peace treaty was signed between North and South—just a ceasefire—so technically they are still in a state of war.

• The Military Implementation of Containment

  • Containment was the major Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.
  • The People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union lent their support to North Korea, while the United States did the same to South Korea.
  • Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman by telephone, "Mr.
  • The United States agreed to send troops over on June 30 along with increasing aid to the French fight against Communists rebels in Indochina.
  • The agreement restored the border between the Koreas near the 38th Parallel and created the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), a 2.5-mile-wide fortified buffer zone between the two Korean nations.