express powers

Examples of express powers in the following topics:

• McCulloch v. Maryland

  • The Court invoked the "Necessary and Proper" clause of the Constitution, which allowed the federal government to pass laws not named in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws usefully furthered the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
  • The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
  • The court determined that Congress did have the power to create the Bank.
  • Third, Marshall addressed the scope of congressional powers under Article I.
  • Marshall admitted that the Constitution does not enumerate a power to create a central Bank but said that this is not dispositive as to Congress's power to establish such an institution.

• The Expansion of the Federal Government

  • Ogden, both of which broadly expanded the power and supremacy of the national government.
  • The Court invoked the "Necessary and Proper" clause of the Constitution, which allowed the federal government to pass laws not named in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws usefully furthered the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
  • The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
  • State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.
  • Marshall avoided the issue of exclusivity of federal powers over commerce, claiming it was not essential to the case.

• Black Power

  • Black Power expresses a range of political goals, from defense against racial oppression to the establishment of social institutions and a self-sufficient economy.
  • Black Power meant a variety of things.
  • Though Black Power at the most basic level refers to a political movement, Black Power was also part of a much larger process of cultural change.
  • The 1960s composed a decade not only of Black Power but also of Black Pride.
  • Malcolm X, a black power leader, asks a crowd a series of questions.

• Degrees of Neutrality

  • During World War II, these countries took no official side during the war in their hopes to avoid being attacked by the Axis Powers or in becoming involved the aerial attacks of the Axis and Allied Powers.
  • This status, although not recognized by international law, was intended to express the regime's sympathy and material support for the Axis Powers.
  • Spain offered considerable material, economic, and military assistance to the Axis powers as well.
  • Spanish volunteers fought for both the Allied and the Axis powers, reflecting the divisions of Spain's own, recent civil war.
  • Head of the Spanish state during World War II, Franco supposedly remained neutral, but favored the Axis powers

• The Open Door Policy

  • The "Open Door Policy" refers to a U.S. doctrine established in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, as expressed in Secretary of State John Hay's "Open Door Note," dated September 6, 1899, and dispatched to the major European powers.
  • The policy proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, keeping any one power from total control of the country, and calling upon all powers, within their spheres of influence, to refrain from interfering with any treaty port or any vested interest, to permit Chinese authorities to collect tariffs on an equal basis, and to show no favors to their own nationals in the matter of harbor dues or railroad charges.
  • During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, China faced an imminent threat of being partitioned and colonized by imperialist powers such as Britain, France, Russia, Japan, and Germany.
  • The United States felt threatened by other powers' much larger spheres of influence in China and worried that it might lose access to the Chinese market should the country be partitioned.
  • However, by July 1900, Hay announced that each of the powers had granted consent in principle.

• Hamilton's Legacy

  • Alexander Hamilton's broad interpretation of Constitutional powers has influenced multiple generations of political theorists.
  • Hamilton also expressed support for the Federalists' vision of a nation of self-sacrificing men of talent who could be trusted to contribute and partake in the political process.
  • This broad view of congressional power was enshrined into legal precedent in the Supreme Court case McCulloch v.
  • This ruling has since been termed the "doctrine of implied powers."
  • Though the Constitution was ambiguous as to the exact balance of power between national and state governments, Hamilton consistently argued in favor of greater federal power at the expense of the states, especially in his efforts to strengthen the national economy.

• The Confederation's Weaknesses

  • An inability to handle trade restrictions, debt, and uprisings in the late 1780s showed the weakness of federal powers.
  • The Articles of Confederation envisioned a permanent confederation, but granted to the Congress—the only federal institution—little power to finance itself or to ensure that its resolutions were enforced.
  • The Continental Congress printed paper money which had no backing and was so depreciated that it ceased to pass as currency, spawning the expression "not worth a continental".
  • Adams stated it was necessary for the States to confer the power of passing trade laws to Congress, or that the States themselves pass retaliatory acts against Great Britain.
  • Congress had already requested and failed to get power over trade laws.

• Nationalists of the 1780s

  • As the Articles of Confederation could only be amended by unanimous vote of the states, any state had effective veto power over any proposed change .
  • In addition, the Articles gave the weak federal government no taxing power: it was wholly dependent on the states for its money, and had no power to force delinquent states to pay.
  • He drafted its resolution for a constitutional convention, and in doing so brought his longtime desire to have a more powerful, more financially independent federal government one step closer to reality.
  • The report asked for the support of a broader meeting to be held the next May in Philadelphia, expressed the hope that more States would be represented, and that their delegates or deputies would be authorized to examine areas broader than simply commercial trade.

• Confederate Politics

  • Davis clashed with powerful state governors who used states'-rights arguments to hamper mobilization plans.
  • Vance of North Carolina, a powerful advocate of states' rights, frequently opposed Davis.
  • The 1863 midterm elections became mere expressions of futile and frustrated dissatisfaction.

• The Debate over American Imperialism

  • A variety of factors may have coincided during the "Age of Imperialism" in the late nineteenth century, when the United States and the other major powers rapidly expanded their territorial possessions.
  • There is also a conservative, anti-interventionist view as expressed by American journalist John T.
  • Navy during the late nineteenth century, supported the notion of American imperialism in his 1890 book titled The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
  • The Anti-Imperialist League represented an older generation and were rooted in an earlier era; they were defeated in terms of public opinion, the 1900 election, and the actions of Congress and the President because most of the younger Progressives who were just coming to power supported imperialism.
  • Caricature shows William Jennings Bryan dressed as a jester wearing a sign, "I AM AGAINST AMERICAN IMPERIALISM" and he is flanked by two sinister figures with hostile expressions wearing similar signs; the one on the left is labeled "Chinese Boxer" and holds a blood-dripping sword; the one on the right labeled "Filipino" in ragged clothes carrying a spear.