Kilwa Sultanate

Examples of Kilwa Sultanate in the following topics:

• The Swahili Culture

  • The Kilwa Sultanate was a medieval sultanate, centered at Kilwa (an island off modern-day Tanzania), whose authority, at its height, stretched over the entire length of the Swahili Coast.
  • His family ruled the Sultanate until 1277, when it was replaced by the Arab family of Abu Moaheb.
  • By 1513, the sultanate was already fragmented into smaller states, many of which became protectorates of the Sultanate of Oman.
  • Despite its origin as a Persian colony, extensive inter-marriage and conversion of local Bantu inhabitants and later Arab immigration turned the Kilwa Sultanate into a diverse state not ethnically differentiable from the mainland.
  • The Kilwa Sultanate was almost wholly dependent on external commerce.

• Great Zimbabwe

  • Archaeological evidence suggests that Great Zimbabwe became a center for trading, with a trade network linked to Kilwa Kisiwani (the historic center of the Kilwa Sultanate; off the southern coast of present-day Tanzania in eastern Africa) and extending as far as China.
  • Despite these strong international trade links, there is no evidence to suggest exchange of architectural concepts between Great Zimbabwe and other centers such as Kilwa Kisiwani.

• The Sultanates of Somalia

  • Its first dynasty was established by Sultan Fakr ad-Din.
  • The Sultanate of Ifat was a medieval Muslim Sultanate in the Horn of Africa. 
  • The Adal Sultanate or Kingdom of Adal was founded after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. 
  • The Sultanate was governed by the Gobroon Dynasty.
  • The Majeerteen Sultanate was a Somali Sultanate centered in the Horn of Africa.

• The Fall of Constantinople

  • He took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner.
  • It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power.
  • On 2 April 1453, the Ottoman army, led by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II, laid siege to the city with 80,000 men.
  • On the third day after the fall of our city, the Sultan celebrated his victory with a great, joyful triumph.
  • After the conquest, Sultan Mehmed II transferred the capital of the Ottoman Empire from Edirne to Constantinople.

• Muhammad's Successors

  • Under the Rashidun, each region (Sultanate) of the caliphate had its own governor (Sultan).

• The Third Crusade

  • The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from the Muslim sultan Saladin; it resulted in the capture of the important cities Acre and Jaffa, but failed to capture Jerusalem, the main motivation of the crusade.
  • Nur ad-Din also took over Egypt through an alliance, and appointed Saladin the sultan of these territories.

• The Kingdoms of Madagascar

  • Madagascar functioned as a contact port for the other Swahili seaport city-states, such as Sofala, Kilwa, Mombasa, and Zanzibar.

• Nubia and Ancient Culture

  • Nubian history can be traced from c. 2000 BCE onward to 1504 AD, when Nubia was divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate and became Arabized.

• The Abbasid Empire

  • By 940 CE, however, the power of the caliphate under the Abbasids began waning as non-Arabs gained influence and the various subordinate sultans and emirs became increasingly independent.
  • Mahmud of Ghazni took the title of "sultan," instead of "emir," signifying the Ghaznavid Empire's independence from caliphal authority, despite Mahmud's ostentatious displays of Sunni orthodoxy and ritual submission to the caliph.

• The Islamic Golden Age

  • Notably, eight generations of the Nestorian Bukhtishu family served as private doctors to caliphs and sultans between the 8th and 11th centuries.
  • Geometric patterns: an archway in the Sultan’s lodge in the Ottoman Green Mosque in Bursa, Turkey (1424), its girih strapwork forming 10-point stars and pentagons.