Mentuhotep II

(noun)

A pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty, who defeated the Heracleopolitan Kings and unified Egypt. Often considered the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom.

Related Terms

Examples of Mentuhotep II in the following topics:

  • The First Intermediate Period

    • One was the extremely long reign of Pepi II (the last major king of the Sixth Dynasty), and the resulting succession issues.
    • Kheti I was succeeded by Kheti II, also known as Meryibre, whose reign was essentially peaceful but experienced problems in the Nile Delta.
    • They were succeeded by a line of kings who were all called Mentuhotep.
    • Mentuhotep II, also known as Nebhepetra, would eventually defeat the Heracleopolitan kings around 2033 BCE, and unify the country to continue the Eleventh Dynasty and bring Egypt into the Middle Kingdom.
    • Painted sandstone seated statue of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II, Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

  • The Middle Kingdom

    • Toward the end of the First Intermediate Period, Mentuhotep II and his successors unified Egypt under a single rule, and commanded such faraway locations as Nubia and the Sinai.
    • The reign of Amenemhat II, successor to Senusret I, has been characterized as largely peaceful.
    • In his 33rd regnal year, he appointed his son, Senusret II, co-regent.
    • There is no evidence of military activity during the reign of Senusret II.

  • Nubia

    • Mentuhotep II (21st century BCE founder of the Middle Kingdom) is recorded to have undertaken campaigns against Kush in the 29th and 31st years of his reign.
    • Piye was defeated by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser V and then his successor Sargon II in the 720s BCE.

  • Casualties of World War II

  • Europe After World War II

  • Rise of the Gupta Empire

    • According to the Gupta records, Samudragupta nominated his son, Prince Chandragupta II, born of queen Dattadevi, as his successor.
    • However, his eldest son, Ramagupta, may have been his immediate successor until he was dethroned by Chandragupta II in 380 CE.
    • After gaining power, Chandragupta II expanded the Gupta Empire through conquest and political marriages until the end of his reign in 413 CE.
    • The period of Gupta rule, especially the reign of Chandragupta II, is still remembered as the Golden Age of India.
    • The Iron Pillar of Delhi, India, erected by Chandragupta II to honor the Hindu god Vishnu in the 4th century CE.

  • The Rise of the Macedon

    • Philip II’s conquests during the Third Sacred War cemented his power as well as the influence of Macedon throughout the Hellenic world.
    • Macedon’s rise is largely attributable to the policies during Philip II’s rule.
    • For many Macedonian rulers, the Achaemenid Empire in Persia was a major sociopolitical influence, and Philip II was no exception.

  • Restoration of the Stuarts

    • Over a decade after Charles I's 1649 execution and Charles II's 1651 escape to mainland Europe, the Stuarts were restored to the English throne by Royalists in the aftermath of the slow fall of the Protectorate.  
    • On April 4, 1660, Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda, in which he made several promises in relation to the reclamation of the crown of England.
    • On May 8, it proclaimed that King Charles II had been the lawful monarch since the execution of Charles I on January 30, 1649.
    • Charles II of England by Peter Lely, 1675, Collection of Euston Hall, Suffolk
    • King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration.

  • Danish Intervention

    • After the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed by Ferdinand II, the Danish King Christian IV, fearing that recent Catholic successes threatened his sovereignty as a Protestant nation, led troops against Ferdinand.
    • Frederick was forced to sign an armistice with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, thus ending the 'Palatine Phase' of the Thirty Years' War.
    • To fight Christian, Ferdinand II employed the military help of Albrecht von Wallenstein, a Bohemian nobleman who had made himself rich from the confiscated estates of his Protestant countrymen.
    • Wallenstein pledged his army, which numbered between 30,000 and 100,000 soldiers, to Ferdinand II in return for the right to plunder the captured territories.
    • At this point, the Catholic League persuaded Ferdinand II to take back the Lutheran holdings that were, according to the Peace of Augsburg, rightfully the possession of the Catholic Church.

  • The New Kingdom

    • It was ruled by pharaohs Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II.
    • New Kingdom Egypt would reach the height of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II, who fought against the Libyans and Hittites.
    • The city of Kadesh was a flashpoint, captured first by Seti I and then used as a peace bargain with the Hatti, and later attacked again by Ramesses II.
    • Ramesses II had a large number of children, and he built a massive funerary complex for his sons in the Valley of the Kings.