Primary Chronicle

Examples of Primary Chronicle in the following topics:

• Rurik and the Foundation of Rus'

  • However, some clues are available from the Primary Chronicle.
  • The Primary Chronicle contends the Varangians were a Viking group, most likely from Sweden or northern Germany, who controlled trade routes across northern Russia and tied together various cultures across Eurasia.
  • But in the late 850s they rose up in rebellion, according to the Primary Chronicle.
  • A page from the Primary Chronicle or The Tale of Bygone Years

• Yaroslav the Wise

  • These accomplishments during his lengthy rule granted him the title of Yaroslav the Wise in early chronicles of his life, and his legacy endures in both political and religious Russian history.
  • Evidence from the Primary Chronicle and examination of his skeleton suggests he is one of the youngest sons of Vladimir, and possibly a son from a different mother.
  • He was chronicled as Yaroslav the Wise in retellings of these events because of his even-handed dealing with the wars, but it is highly possible he was involved in the murder of his brothers and other gruesome acts of war.

• Vladimir I and Christianization

  • However, the Primary Chronicle (one of the few written documents about this time) states that in 987 Vladimir decided to send envoys to investigate the various religions neighboring Kievan Rus'.

• Charles Martel and Pepin the Short

  • Ninth-century chroniclers, who interpreted the outcome of the battle as divine judgment in Charles's favor, gave him the nickname Martellus ("The Hammer").
  • Later Christian chroniclers and pre-20th-century historians praised Charles Martel as the champion of Christianity, characterizing the battle as the decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe.

• The End of the Carolingians

  • One chronicler dates the end of Carolingian rule with the coronation of Robert II of France as junior co-ruler with his father, Hugh Capet, thus beginning the Capetian dynasty.

• The Rise of Charlemagne

  • Some later chronicles falsely claimed that he also expanded them, granting Tuscany, Emilia, Venice, and Corsica.

• Alexander's Empire

  • His chroniclers recorded valuable information about the areas through which he marched, while the Greeks themselves attained a sense of belonging to a world beyond the Mediterranean.

• Europe's Early Trade Links

  • Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China, but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience.

• The Imperfect Historical Record

  • Primary sources are distinguished from secondary sources, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.
  • In some cases, a secondary source may also be a primary source, depending on how it is used.
  • History as an academic discipline is based on primary sources, as evaluated by the community of scholars for whom primary sources are absolutely fundamental to reconstructing the past.
  • Ideally, a historian will use as many primary sources that were created by the people involved at the time under study as can be accessed.
  • Historians continue to debate what aspects and practices of investigating primary sources should be considered, and what constitutes a primary source when developing the most effective historical method.

• The Toltecs

  • Some researchers argue the only historically reliable data in the Aztec chronicles are the names of some rulers and possibly some of the conquests ascribed to them.