Third Intermediate Period

(noun)

Spanning the Twenty-first to Twenty-sixth Dynasties. A period of Egyptian decline and political instability.

Related Terms

Examples of Third Intermediate Period in the following topics:

  • The Third Intermediate Period

    • The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069-664 BCE) spanned the Twenty-first to Twenty-sixth Dynasties, and was marked by internal divisions within Egypt, as well as conquest and rule by foreigners.
    • The Third Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt began with the death of the last pharaoh of the New Kingdom, Ramesses XI in 1070 BCE, and ended with the start of the Postdynastic Period.
    • The Third Intermediate Period was one of decline and political instability.
    • The Twenty-second (c. 943-716 BCE) and Twenty-third (c. 880-720 BCE) Dynasties
    • Describe the general landscape of the political chaos during Third Intermediate Period

  • The Decline of Ancient Egypt

    • Ancient Egypt went through a series of occupations and suffered a slow decline over a long period of time.
    • First occupied by the Assyrians, then the Persians, and later the Macedonians and Romans, Egyptians would never again reach the glorious heights of self-rule they achieved during previous periods.
    • Ancient Egypt went through a series of occupations and suffered a slow decline over a long period of time.
    • First occupied by the Assyrians, then the Persians, and later the Macedonians and Romans, Egyptians would never again reach the glorious heights of self-rule they achieved during previous periods.

  • The New Kingdom

    • The New Kingdom of Egypt, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between 1550-1070 BCE, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt.
    • The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period, and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period.
    • The Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties (1292-1069 BCE) are also known as the Ramesside period, after the eleven pharaohs that took the name of Ramesses.
    • This was possibly a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period

  • The First Intermediate Period

    • The First Intermediate Period, the Seventh to Eleventh dynasties, spanned approximately one hundred years (2181-2055 BCE), and was characterized by political instability and conflict between the Heracleopolitan and Theban Kings.
    • The First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 BCE), often described as a "dark period" in ancient Egyptian history after the end of the Old Kingdom, spanned approximately 100 years.
    • The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time in history when rule of Egypt was roughly divided between two competing power bases: Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, and Thebes in Upper Egypt.
    • The first three kings of the Eleventh Dynasty (all named Intef) were, therefore, also the last three kings of the First Intermediate Period.
    • Describe the processes by which the First Intermediate Period occurred, and then transitioned into the Middle Kingdom

  • The Second Intermediate Period

    • The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BCE) spanned the Fourteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties, and was a period in which decentralized rule split Egypt between the Theban-based Seventeenth Dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Sixteenth Dynasty under the Hyksos in the north.
    • The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782-1550 BCE) marks a time when Ancient Egypt once again fell into disarray between the end of the Middle Kingdom, and the start of the New Kingdom.
    • It is best known as the period when the Hyksos, who reigned during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties, made their appearance in Egypt.
    • Famine was an issue during this period, most notably during the reign of Neferhotep III.
    • Explain the dynamics between the various groups of people vying for power during the Second Intermediate Period

  • The Middle Kingdom

    • The Middle Kingdom was a period of Egyptian history spanning the Eleventh through Twelfth Dynasty (2000-1700 BCE), when centralized power consolidated a unified Egypt.
    • The Middle Kingdom, also known as the Period of Reunification, is a period in the history of Ancient Egypt stretching from the end of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty, roughly between 2000-1700 BCE.
    • Toward the end of the First Intermediate Period, Mentuhotep II and his successors unified Egypt under a single rule, and commanded such faraway locations as Nubia and the Sinai.
    • During the First Intermediate Period, the governors of the nomes of Egypt— nomarchs—gained considerable power.
    • Thus began the final portion of the Thirteenth Dynasty, when southern kings continued to reign over Upper Egypt; when the unity of Egypt fully disintegrated, however, the Middle Kingdom gave way to the Second Intermediate Period.

  • The Old Kingdom

    • The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to the period from the Third Dynasty through the Sixth Dynasty (2686-2181 BCE), when Egypt gained in complexity and achievement.
    • Thus, the period of the Old Kingdom is often called "The Age of the Pyramids."
    • Egypt's Old Kingdom was also a dynamic period in the development of Egyptian art.
    • The first notable king of the Old Kingdom was Djoser (reigned from 2691-2625 BCE) of the Third Dynasty, who ordered the construction of the step pyramid in Memphis' necropolis, Saqqara.
    • It was built as a tomb for Khufu and constructed over a 20-year period.

  • Crises of the Roman Empire

    • The Crisis of the Third Century was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression.
    • The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis, (CE 235–284) was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression.
    • Twenty-six men were officially accepted by the Roman Senate as emperor during this period, and thus became legitimate emperors.
    • With the onset of the Crisis of the Third Century, however, this vast internal trade network broke down.
    • Describe the problems afflicting the Roman Empire during the third century

  • The Chimu

    • This focus on large-scale irrigation persisted until the Late Intermediate period.
    • These inland areas began raising llamas as a supplemental source of meat, but by the Late Intermediate period and Late Horizon, inland sites started to rely on llamas as an essential transportation and food resource.

  • The Assyrians

    • Following the fall of the Akkadian Empire, c. 2154 BCE, and the short-lived succeeding Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, which ruled southern Assyria, Assyria regained full independence.
    • These periods roughly correspond to the Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, and Early Iron Age, respectively.
    • In the Old Assyrian period, Assyria established colonies in Asia Minor and the Levant.
    • Assyria experienced fluctuating fortunes in the Middle Assyrian period.
    • Assyria had a period of empire under Shamshi-Adad I and Ishme-Dagan in the 19th and 18th centuries BCE.