Viceroyalty of Peru

(noun)

The Spanish forces gave the newly seized Inca region this title and started to collect taxes and labor from the local people.

Related Terms

Examples of Viceroyalty of Peru in the following topics:

  • Spanish Exploration

    • He also explored the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola.
    • The object of the third voyage was to verify the existence of a continent that King John II of Portugal claimed was located to the southwest of the Cape Verde Islands.
    • Of equal importance was the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
    • It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting but ended in Spanish victory in 1572 and colonization of the region as the Viceroyalty of Peru.
    • Further Spanish settlements were progressively established in the New World: New Granada in the 1530s (later in the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717 and present day Colombia), Lima in 1535 as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru, Buenos Aires in 1536 (later in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776), and Santiago in 1541.

  • The Spanish Conquest

    • Foremost among these was the Inca Civil War, which is also known as the War of Succession or the War of Two Brothers.
    • Around the same time that Atahualpa seized the throne in 1532, Pizarro returned to Peru with blessings from the Spanish crown.
    • Because of the language barrier, the Inca rulers probably did not understand much of these demands, and the meeting quickly escalated to the Battle of Cajamarca.
    • The Spanish named this vast region the Viceroyalty of Peru and set up a Spanish system of rule, which effectively suppressed any type of uprising from local communities.
    • The Spanish system destroyed many of the Inca traditions and ways of life in a matter of years.

  • The Nazca

    • The Nazca lived near the southern coast of Peru from 100 BCE to 800 CE.
    • The Nazca (or Nasca) lived near the arid southern coast of Peru from 100 BCE to 800 CE.
    • As in the contemporary Moche culture based in northwest Peru, shamans apparently used hallucinogenic drugs, such as extractions from the San Pedro cactus, to induce visions during ceremonies.
    • Evidence of trephination has been seen through the analysis of excavated skulls.
    • Like the Moche, who lived along the arid northern coast of Peru during the same time period, it is thought that the Nazca may have been forced into decline by environmental changes.

  • The Caral Civilization

    • The Caral civilization (also known as the Norte Chico civilization and as Caral-Supe) was a complex pre-Columbian society, located  in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru, near Supe, Barranca province, Peru (200 km north of Lima).
    • One of the artifacts found at Caral is a knotted textile piece named a quipu, which archaeologists believe was a method of keeping records.
    • Other pieces found include flutes made of condor and pelican bones, and cornetts made of deer and llama bones.
    • Evidence of warfare has not been found.
    • Archaeological evidence suggests use of textile technology and, possibly, the worship of common god symbols, both of which recur in pre-Columbian Andean cultures.

  • The Moche

    • The Moche culture lasted from 100 to 800 CE in what is modern-day Peru.
    • The Moche (also known as the Early Chimú or Mochica) lived in what is modern-day Peru, near Moche and Trujillo.
    • The Moche cultural sphere centered around several valleys along the north coast of Peru, and occupied 250 miles of desert coastline that extended up to 50 miles inland.
    • The Huaca del Sol, a pyramidal adobe structure on the Rio Moche, was the largest pre-Columbian structure in Peru.
    • During the Spanish occupation of Peru in the early 17th century, colonists redirected the waters of the Moche River to run past the base of the Huaca del Sol in order to facilitate the looting of gold artifacts from the temple, which caused massive erosion.

  • The Inca People

    • The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was located in Cusco (also spelled Cuzco) in modern-day Peru.
    • Beginning with the rule of Pachacuti-Cusi Yupanqui, the Inca expanded their borders to include large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, western and south-central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and north-central Chile, and southern Colombia.
    • The main example of this resilient art form was the capital city of Cusco, which drew together the Four Regions.
    • Textiles were one of the most precious commodities of the Inca culture and denoted a person's social status, and often their profession.
    • The Inca also produced bounties in the Amazon rainforest and along the more arid coastline of modern-day Peru.

  • The Chavín Civilization

    • The Chavín civilization, which lasted from 900-250 BCE in Peru, featured ingenious art and architecture, and had widespread influence on other local cultures.
    • The Chavín civilization developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru between 900-250 BCE.
    • The temple's design shows complex innovation to adapt to the highland environment of Peru.
    • Tenon heads are massive stone carvings of fanged jaguar heads, found at the tops of interior walls in Chavín de Huantar.
    • Shown here is the most important stela statue of the central deity of the Chavín, called the Lanzón.

  • Chimú

    • The Chimú were a culture that lasted from approximately 900 CE until 1470 CE along the northern coast of modern-day Peru, centered in the city of Chan Chan.
    • Similarly, archaeological evidence suggests Chimor, the large coastal swath of land inhabited by Chimú culture, grew out of the remnants of Moche culture.
    • Their expansion southward was stopped by the military power of the great valley of Lima.
    • Devotees sacrificed their own children on piles of colored cotton with offerings of fruit and chicha.
    • Two of the stars of Orion's Belt were considered to be the emissaries of the Moon.

  • The Sicán

    • The Sicán culture inhabited what is now the north coast of Peru between about 750 and 1375 CE.
    • The Sicán culture inhabited what is now the north coast of Peru between about 750 CE and 1375 CE.
    • The lack of artifacts has limited the development of knowledge about this early period.
    • All of these items required hours of labor and precious supplies, highlighting the power of the elite.
    • None of the metalworking sites showed evidence of on-site mining of any materials.

  • Fall of the Ming Dynasty

    • The fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by a combination of factors, including an economic disaster due to lack of silver, a series of natural disasters, peasant uprisings, and finally attacks by the Manchu people.
    • Meanwhile, Philip IV of Spain (r. 1621–1665) began cracking down on illegal smuggling of silver from Mexico and Peru across the Pacific towards China, in favor of shipping American-mined silver directly from Spain to Manila.
    • In 1639, the new Tokugawa regime of Japan shut down most of its foreign trade with European powers, causing a halt of yet another source of silver coming into China.
    • The fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by a combination of factors.
    • A drawing of the mountainous battlegrounds of the decisive Battle of Shanhai Pass.