Examples of mixture in the following topics:
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- A homogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances (elements or compounds), where the different components cannot be visually distinguished.
- Often separating the components of a homogeneous mixture is more challenging than separating the components of a heterogeneous mixture.
- In practical terms, if the property of interest is the same regardless of how much of the mixture is taken, the mixture is homogeneous.
- Mixtures are described as heterogeneous or homogeneous.
- This mineral deposit is composed of a mixture of substances.
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- In fact, it was with a gas mixture—ordinary air—that Boyle, Gay-Lussac, and Charles performed their early experiments.
- The mole fraction is a way of expressing the relative proportion of one particular gas within a mixture of gases.
- We do this by dividing the number of moles of a particular gas i by the total number of moles in the mixture:
- The partial pressure of one individual gas within the overall mixtures, pi, can be expressed as follows:
- A mixture of 2 mol H2 and 3 mol He exerts a total pressure of 3 atm.
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- Mole fraction is the number of molecules of a given component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the mixture.
- In a mixture of ideal gases, the mole fraction can be expressed as the ratio of partial pressure to total pressure of the mixture.
- A mixture of gases was formed by combining 6.3 moles of O2 and 5.6 moles of N2.
- What is the mole fraction of nitrogen in the mixture?
- What is the mole fraction of hexane in this mixture?
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- As noted earlier, chiral compounds synthesized from achiral starting materials and reagents are generally racemic (i.e. a 50:50 mixture of enantiomers).
- Reaction of a racemate with an enantiomerically pure chiral reagent gives a mixture of diastereomers, which can be separated.
- The following diagram illustrates this general principle by showing how a nut having a right-handed thread (R) could serve as a "reagent" to discriminate and separate a mixture of right- and left-handed bolts of identical size and weight.
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- It rapidly inverts its configuration (equilibrium arrows) by passing through a planar, sp2-hybridized transition state, leading to a mixture of interconverting R and S configurations.
- If the nitrogen atom were the only chiral center in the molecule, a 50:50 (racemic) mixture of R and S configurations would exist at equilibrium.
- If other chiral centers are present, as in the ephedrin isomers, a mixture of diastereomers will result.
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- Heterogeneous catalysis is a type of catalysis in which the catalyst occupies a different phase than the reaction mixture.
- Homogeneous catalysts are those that occupy the same phase as the reaction mixture (typically liquid or gas), while heterogeneous catalysts occupy a different phase.
- Generally, heterogeneous catalysts are solid compounds that are added to liquid or gas reaction mixtures.
- For one, heterogeneous catalysts can be separated from a reaction mixture in a straightforward manner, such as by filtration.
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- An alloy is a mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements.
- An alloy is a mixture or metallic-solid solution composed of two or more elements.
- Unlike pure metals, most alloys do not have a single melting point; rather, they have a melting range in which the substance is a mixture of solid and liquid.
- However, for most alloys, there is one particular proportion of constituents, known as the "eutectic mixture," at which the alloy has a unique melting point.
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- Most direct copolymerizations of equimolar mixtures of different monomers give statistical copolymers, or if one monomer is much more reactive a nearly homopolymer of that monomer.
- In cases where the relative reactivities are different, the copolymer composition can sometimes be controlled by continuous introduction of a biased mixture of monomers into the reaction.
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- The phase diagram below shows the melting point behavior of mixtures ranging from pure A on the left to pure B on the right.
- The lowest mixture melting point, e, is called the eutectic point.
- Above this temperature the mixture is either a liquid or a liquid solid mixture, the composition of which varies.
- One such mixture consists of α-naphthol, m.p. 94 ºC, and p-toluidine, m.p. 43 ºC.
- Cocoa butter is a mixture of triglycerides in which stearoyl, oleoyl and palmitoyl groups predominate.
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- To find the molar mass of a mixture of gases, you need to take into account the molar mass of each gas in the mixture, as well as their relative proportion.
- The average molar mass of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the mole fractions of each gas, multiplied by their respective molar masses: