nomenclature

Examples of nomenclature in the following topics:

• Nomenclature

  • The ether functional group does not have a characteristic IUPAC nomenclature suffix, so it is necessary to designate it as a substituent.
  • Examples of ether nomenclature are provided on the left.

• Naming Organic Compounds

  • A rational nomenclature system should do at least two things.
  • The IUPAC nomenclature system is a set of logical rules devised and used by organic chemists to circumvent problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature.
  • An excellent presentation of organic nomenclature is provided on a Nomenclature Page created by Dave Woodcock.
  • Click on the following link (http://people.ouc.bc.ca/woodcock/nomenclature/index.htm).
  • Click on the following link (http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/).

• Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

  • In the IUPAC system of nomenclature the carboxyl carbon is designated #1, and other substituents are located and named accordingly.
  • The characteristic IUPAC suffix for a carboxyl group is "oic acid", and care must be taken not to confuse this systematic nomenclature with the similar common system.
  • These two nomenclatures are illustrated in the following table, along with their melting and boiling points.
  • If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature you should review them now.
  • Some examples of both nomenclatures are provided below.

• Alcohol Nomenclature

  • In the IUPAC system of nomenclature, functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways.
  • If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature you should review them now.
  • Other examples of IUPAC nomenclature are shown below, together with the common names often used for some of the simpler compounds.
  • When the hydroxyl functional group is present together with a function of higher nomenclature priority, it must be cited and located by the prefix hydroxy and an appropriate number.

• Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

  • The IUPAC system of nomenclature assigns a characteristic suffix to these classes, al to aldehydes and one to ketones.
  • If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature you should review them now.
  • The hydroxy butanal and propenal examples (2nd & 3rd from the top, left column) and the oxopropanal example (bottom right) illustrate the nomenclature priority of IUPAC suffixes.
  • In all cases the aldehyde function has a higher status than either an alcohol, alkene or ketone and provides the nomenclature suffix.
  • Because ketones are just below aldehydes in nomenclature suffix priority, the "oxo" substituent terminology is seldom needed.

• Nomenclature and Structure of Amines

  • In the IUPAC system of nomenclature, functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways.
  • If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature you should review them now.
  • The nomenclature of amines is complicated by the fact that several different nomenclature systems exist, and there is no clear preference for one over the others.
  • For 1º-amines such as butanamine (first example) this is analogous to IUPAC alcohol nomenclature (-ol suffix).
  • There is a systematic nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds, but it will not be discussed here.

• Nomenclature

  • Devising a systematic nomenclature system for heterocyclic compounds presented a formidable challenge, which has not been uniformly concluded.
  • For most students, learning these common names will provide an adequate nomenclature background.
  • An easy to remember, but limited, nomenclature system makes use of an elemental prefix for the heteroatom followed by the appropriate carbocyclic name.
  • Examples of these nomenclature rules are written in blue, both in the previous diagram and that shown below.
  • The two quinolines illustrate another nuance of heterocyclic nomenclature.

• Naming Molecular Compounds

  • The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning to what chemical compound the name refers.
  • The most widely accepted format for nomenclature has been established by IUPAC.

• Nomenclature

• Naming Aromatic Compounds

  • These names are frequently used in favor of standardized IUPAC nomenclature.
  • This nomenclature tutorial video takes you through the IUPAC rules for benzene type molecules and includes the common names for substituted benzene.
  • Recognize the methods for naming aromatic compounds, including IUPAC nomenclature and historical names