CMV retinitis

Examples of CMV retinitis in the following topics:

• Antiviral DNA Synthesis Inhibitors

  • It is also used to treat cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) and specifically CMV retinitis.

• Other Infectious Eye Diseases

  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis, also known as CMV retinitis, is an inflammation of the retina of the eye that can lead to blindness.

• Cytomegalovirus Infections

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of herpesvirus that largely affects infants and the immunocompromised.
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a viral genus of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses.
  • CMV, like all herpesviruses, can stay latent for long durations of time.
  • Transplant patients with CMV are also susceptible to pneumonia and hepatitis.
  • A vaccine against (CMV) is currently under investigation.

• The TORCH Panel of Tests

  • Hematoxylin and Eosin stain showing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the placenta (CMV placentitis), a TORCH infection.
  • The characteristic large nucleus of a CMV infected cell is seen off-center at the bottom-right of the image.

• Transduction of Light

  • When light hits a photoreceptor, it causes a shape change in the retinal, altering its structure from a bent (cis) form of the molecule to its linear (trans) isomer.
  • This isomerization of retinal activates the rhodopsin, starting a cascade of events that ends with the closing of Na+ channels in the membrane of the photoreceptor.
  • Thus, the visual system relies on changein retinal activity, rather than the absence or presence of activity, to encode visual signals for the brain.
  • (a) Rhodopsin, the photoreceptor in vertebrates, has two parts: the trans-membrane protein opsin and retinal.
  • When light strikes the retinal, it changes shape from (b) a cis to a trans form.

• Bacteriorhodopsin

  • Each chain has seven transmembrane alpha helices and contains one molecule of retinal buried deep within, the typical structure for retinylidene proteins.
  • It is the retinal molecule that changes its conformation when absorbing a photon, resulting in a conformational change of the surrounding protein and the proton pumping action.
  • Reprotonation of the retinal molecule by restores its original isomerized form.

• Magnification and Resolution

  • The labels represent various parts of the human eye: Bruch membrane (B); choroid (C); retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); and retinal rod cells (R).

• Perceiving Motion

  • Motion is perceived when two different retinal pathways, which rely on specific features and luminance, converge together.

• Development of Vision

  • The optic cup then delaminates into two layers: the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • The periocular mesenchyme migrates inward during the formation of the optic cup and is critical for the induction of the retinal pigment epithelium and the optic nerve.

• Viral Pneumonia

  • Viruses that primarily cause other diseases, but sometimes cause pneumonia, include herpes simplex virus (HSV, mainly in newborns), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), measles virus, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV, mainly in people with immune system problems).