Examples of coffee-cup calorimeter in the following topics:
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- A simple example of a constant-pressure calorimeter is a coffee-cup calorimeter, which is constructed from two nested Styrofoam cups and a lid with two holes, which allows for the insertion of a thermometer and a stirring rod.
- As such, the outer cup is assumed to be a perfect insulator.
- A student heats a 5.0 g sample of an unknown metal to a temperature of 207 $^\circ$C, and then drops the sample into a coffee-cup calorimeter containing 36.0 g of water at 25.0 $^\circ$C.
- The walls of the coffee-cup calorimeter are assumed to be perfectly adiabatic, so we can assume that all of the heat from the metal was transferred to the water:
- A styrofoam cup with an inserted thermometer can be used as a calorimeter, in order to measure the change in enthalpy/heat of reaction at constant pressure.
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- They range from simple coffee cup calorimeters used by introductory chemistry students to sophisticated bomb calorimeters used to determine the energy content of food.
- General chemistry students often use simple calorimeters constructed from polystyrene cups.
- These easy-to-use “coffee cup” calorimeters allow more heat exchange with their surroundings, and therefore produce less accurate energy values.
- Bomb calorimeters require calibration to determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter and ensure accurate results.
- This is the picture of a typical setup of bomb calorimeter.
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- This involves the use of a constant-volume calorimeter (one type is called a Bomb calorimeter).
- An example is a coffee-cup calorimeter, which is constructed from two nested Styrofoam cups and a lid with two holes, allowing insertion of a thermometer and a stirring rod.
- The inner cup holds a known amount of a solute, usually water, that absorbs the heat from the reaction.
- When the reaction occurs, the outer cup provides insulation.
- The measurement of heat using a simple calorimeter, like the coffee cup calorimeter, is an example of constant-pressure calorimetry, since the pressure (atmospheric pressure) remains constant during the process.
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- This article (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2217230/Coffee-cancer-Six-cups-day-cuts-risk-womb-prostate-cancer.html?
- ito=feeds-newsxml) describes some health effects of drinking coffee.
- Among the key findings were (a) women who drank four or more cups a day reduced their risk of endometrial cancer by 25% compared with those who drank less than one cup a day and (b) men who drank six or more cups had a 60% lower risk of developing the most deadly form of prostate cancer than those who drank less than one cup a day.
- It would have been helpful if the article had reported the proportion of women drinking less than one cup a day who developed endometrial cancer as well as the analogous statistic for men and prostate cancer.
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- In the cup example, if I attend to the cup, it will be moved into STM.
- For example, I might attend to the cup and think, "That's my cup.
- It has coffee in it.
- I know it has coffee in it, because I remember getting it this morning.
- I know that I poured that cup at 9:00 am.
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- Information processing (IP) is a cognitive processing theory (see, Ashcraft, 1994).While other theories in this e-book are learning or instructional in nature, IP theory seeks to explain how the mind functions.Learning components such as rehearsal and elaboration are associated with IP; however, most emphasis is placed on understanding how information is processed rather than how learning happens.Another aspect of this theory is that it is explicitly analogous to a computer's processor.The basic IP model has three components: sensory register (SR), short-term memory (STM) or working memory, and long-term memory (LTM).The corresponding components of the computer are input devices or registers, the CPU, and hard drive storage, respectively.This metaphor is superficially valid, but as it is taken to its limits, the mechanical comparison breaks down.However, knowing that this model is a cognitive processing model and knowing that the model is based on an explicit metaphor with a computer is helpful in understanding IP theory.Let's start with the model and an example.As I write this, I see my cup on my desk.Let's follow this image through the system.The model is depicted below and shows the cup being processed.In the narrative that follows, I will refer back to this cup as it is being cognitively processed.
- Caption: The illustration above represents my coffee cup example.Light reflects off the cup and into the eye.The image is then transferred through the optic nerve to the sensory register.From the sensory register, the image is moved into Short-term Memory (STM) as information about the cup is drawn from Long-term Memory (LTM).The process of elaboration occurs when information is retrieved from the LTM in order to link to the new information.I would like to thank Liyan Song for her work on the Flash model shown above.
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- Conversely, coffee producers create intangibility in order to appear different from competitors.
- This is done through colorful packaging and advertisements showing people who are successful because they start each day with a cup or two or ten of Starbuck's coffee.
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- The introduction of the Kuerig coffee maker, which brewed a single cup of coffee at a time, led to tremendous organic growth by it's creator, Green Mountain Coffee.
- The introduction of the Kuerig coffee maker, which brewed a single cup of coffee at a time, led to tremendous organic growth it's creators, Green Mountain Coffee.
- The introduction of the Kuerig coffee maker, which brewed a single cup of coffee at a time, led to tremendous organic growth for it's creator, Green Mountain Coffee.
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- Starbucks is a brand known for its premium, oftentimes deemed "over-priced" coffee.
- The vivid colors and image of a DD cup are easily recognized and distinguished from competitors.
- For example, Starbucks is a brand known its premium coffee.
- The Dunkin' Donuts logo, which includes an image of a DD cup of coffee makes it easy to spot anywhere.
- The coffee is known for being a good value at a great price.
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- Ranging from a simple phone call or thank you note to an office visit for some coffee, the follow up gives the customer a chance to be heard and to engage in a deeper, more meaningful relationship with the salesperson.