dependence

Examples of dependence in the following topics:

• Moods in Dependent Clauses

• Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Population Regulation

  • Population regulation is a density-dependent process, meaning that population growth rates are regulated by the density of a population.
  • In population ecology, density-dependent processes occur when population growth rates are regulated by the density of a population.
  • An example of density-dependent regulation is shown with results from a study focusing on the giant intestinal roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), a parasite of humans and other mammals.
  • The actual cause of the density-dependence of fecundity in this organism is still unclear and awaiting further investigation.
  • In real-life situations, population regulation is very complicated and density-dependent and independent factors can interact.

• Dependence of Resistance on Temperature

  • Resistivity and resistance depend on temperature with the dependence being linear for small temperature changes and nonlinear for large.
  • The resistivity of all materials depends on temperature.
  • Some alloys have been developed specifically to have a small temperature dependence.
  • The resistance of an object also depends on temperature, since R0 is directly proportional to ρ.
  • Compare temperature dependence of resistivity and resistance for large and small temperature changes

• Inconsistent and Dependent Systems

  • ) and dependency (are the equations linearly independent?
  • Systems that are not independent are by definition dependent.
  • are dependent, because the third equation is the sum of the other two.
  • In general, inconsistencies occur if the left-hand sides of the equations in a system are linearly dependent, and the constant terms do not satisfy the dependence relation.
  • The equations x − 2y = −1, 3x + 5y = 8, and 4x + 3y = 7 are not linearly independent, i.e. are dependent.

• The Two Parts of Photosynthesis

  • Light-dependent and light-independent reactions are two successive reactions that occur during photosynthesis.
  • Just as the name implies, light-dependent reactions require sunlight.
  • The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes in the granum (stack of thylakoids), within the chloroplast.
  • Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
  • Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH.

• Inadequate or incorrect internal accounting and dependence on third parties

  • Many start-up, survival, and growth strategies lead almost inevitably to the dependence of new firms on third parties.
  • However, dependence is a disadvantage if there are diverging interests, or if the partners behave opportunistically.
  • However, the older the firm becomes, dependence on third parties should be reduced.
  • The dependence on licensors should be compensated for by the firm's own research and development.
  • As shown above, dependence on third parties can arise when a firm markets its products.

• An Intuitive Approach to Relationships

  • Correlation refers to any of a broad class of statistical relationships involving dependence.
  • Dependence refers to any statistical relationship between two random variables or two sets of data.
  • Correlation refers to any of a broad class of statistical relationships involving dependence.
  • Familiar examples of dependent phenomena include the correlation between the physical statures of parents and their offspring and the correlation between the demand for a product and its price.
  • Formally, dependence refers to any situation in which random variables do not satisfy a mathematical condition of probabilistic independence.

• Inconsistent and Dependent Systems in Two Variables

  • We will now focus on identifying dependent and inconsistent systems of linear equations.
  • Systems that are not independent are by definition dependent.
  • Equations in a dependent system can be derived from one another; they describe the same line.
  • Thus, the two lines are dependent.
  • In general, inconsistencies occur if the left-hand sides of the equations in a system are linearly dependent, and the constant terms do not satisfy the dependence relation.

• Frequency-Dependent Selection

  • In frequency-dependent selection, phenotypes that are either common or rare are favored through natural selection.
  • Another type of selection, called frequency-dependent selection, favors phenotypes that are either common (positive frequency-dependent selection) or rare (negative frequency-dependent selection).
  • Negative frequency-dependent selection serves to increase the population's genetic variance by selecting for rare phenotypes, whereas positive frequency-dependent selection usually decreases genetic variance by selecting for common phenotypes.
  • Positive frequency-dependent selection reinforces the common phenotype because predators avoid the distinct coloration.
  • Frequency-dependent selection allows for both common and rare phenotypes of the population to appear in a frequency-aided cycle.

• Slope and Intercept

  • The general purpose is to explain how one variable, the dependent variable, is systematically related to the values of one or more independent variables.
  • An independent variable is so called because we imagine its value varying freely across its range, while the dependent variable is dependent upon the values taken by the independent.
  • Here, by convention, $x$ and $y$ are the variables of interest in our data, with $y$ the unknown or dependent variable and $x$ the known or independent variable.
  • Linear regression is an approach to modeling the relationship between a scalar dependent variable $y$ and one or more explanatory (independent) variables denoted $X$.
  • An equation where y is the dependent variable, x is the independent variable, m is the slope, and b is the intercept.